Rotatable Antenna-Enabled Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

@misc{tan2026rotatable,
  title = {{Rotatable Antenna-Enabled Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Opportunities and Challenges}},
  author = {Yanhua Tan and Beixiong Zheng and Tiantian Ma and Qingjie Wu and Lipeng Zhu and Wenyan Ma and Cheng-Xiang Wang and Robert Schober and Rui Zhang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.37338},
  eprint = {2609.37338},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37338},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Rotatable Antenna-Enabled Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Opportunities and Challenges
AU  - Yanhua Tan
AU  - Beixiong Zheng
AU  - Tiantian Ma
AU  - Qingjie Wu
AU  - Lipeng Zhu
AU  - Wenyan Ma
AU  - Cheng-Xiang Wang
AU  - Robert Schober
AU  - Rui Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.37338
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37338
AB  - Space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) are expected to support ubiquitous three-dimensional (3D) communication and sensing services in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. However, heterogeneous mobility and service requirements across the space, air, and ground segments challenge fixed-boresight or fixed-sector antennas in supporting wide-area coverage, maintaining directional alignment over time-varying communication links, and flexibly adjusting observation directions for sensing tasks. To address these limitations, non-fixed flexible antenna architectures, such as fluid antenna system (FAS), movable antenna (MA), and pinching antenna, have garnered significant interest in recent years. Among them, rotatable antenna (RA) technology has emerged as a promising solution by enabling mechanical or electronic boresight adjustment while keeping the antenna positions fixed. This article investigates the roles of RA technology in enabling communication and sensing in SAGINs. Specifically, we first explain how RA boresight control complements platform mobility and supports wide-area coverage, dynamic directional transmission, cross-segment cooperative operation, and cooperative sensing. We then discuss the main design challenges, potential approaches, and future research directions, including channel acquisition and predictive tracking, joint orientation control and access/handover coordination, cross-segment coordination and resource management, as well as deployment tradeoffs and practical implementation. Finally, an RA array prototype and two representative simulation studies are presented to illustrate the feasibility and potential performance gains of RA-enabled SAGINs.
ER  -