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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in endocrinology

The association of triglyceride-glucose body roundness index with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

  • Cuihua Huang1
  • Yan Tong1
  • Yan Luo2
  • Chengwen Xie1
  1. 1Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , , ,
  2. 2State Grid Longyan Electric Power Supply Company , , ,
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Abstract

Background: The triglyceride-glucose body roundness index (TyG-BRI) has emerged as a promising biomarker correlated with elevated risks of adverse cardiovascular events. Notably, the potential linkage between TyG-BRI and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) has not been formally evaluated in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study consecutively enrolled 1060 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Fujian, China. Anthropometric measurements and fasting venous blood biochemical data were collected to calculate TyG-BRI. CAS was ascertained using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between TyG-BRI and metabolic indicators. Following stepwise adjustment for confounding variables, hierarchical binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline curves were applied to evaluate the association of TyG-BRI with CAS risk as well as potential effect modifiers. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the identification capability of TyG-BRI for CAS.

Results: Patients with CAS had significantly higher TyG-BRI levels than non-CAS controls. TyG-BRI was positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid. In fully adjusted models, elevated TyG-BRI was non-linearly associated with higher CAS risk (P for overall association < 0.001, P for non-linearity < 0.01). Per 1-standard-deviation increment in TyG-BRI, the ORs were 1.503 (95% CI 1.281–1.763, P < 0.001) for carotid intima-media thickening, 1.453 (95% CI 1.236–1.709, P < 0.001) for carotid plaque, and 2.247 (95% CI 1.820–2.773, P < 0.001) for CAS. Associations remained consistent across subgroups stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c and hypertension, with a stronger effect in participants with BMI < 24 kg/m² (OR 4.838, 95% CI 3.007–7.784, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed TyG-BRI significantly identified CAS (AUC = 0.698, 95% CI 0.664–0.731, P < 0.001), outperforming TyG and TyG-BMI while matching the performance of the composite indices of TyG combined with waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio.

Conclusion: TyG-BRI demonstrated an independent, non-linear dose-response association with CAS risk in type 2 diabetes. Its integration into cardiovascular risk stratification holds promise for enabling earlier identification of CAS.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{huang2026association,
  title = {{The association of triglyceride-glucose body roundness index with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Cuihua Huang and Yan Tong and Yan Luo and Chengwen Xie},
  journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fendo.2026.1952432},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668577},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The association of triglyceride-glucose body roundness index with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
AU  - Cuihua Huang
AU  - Yan Tong
AU  - Yan Luo
AU  - Chengwen Xie
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Frontiers in endocrinology
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2026.1952432
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668577
AB  - Background: The triglyceride-glucose body roundness index (TyG-BRI) has emerged as a promising biomarker correlated with elevated risks of adverse cardiovascular events. Notably, the potential linkage between TyG-BRI and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) has not been formally evaluated in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Methods: This cross-sectional observational study consecutively enrolled 1060 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Fujian, China. Anthropometric measurements and fasting venous blood biochemical data were collected to calculate TyG-BRI. CAS was ascertained using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between TyG-BRI and metabolic indicators. Following stepwise adjustment for confounding variables, hierarchical binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline curves were applied to evaluate the association of TyG-BRI with CAS risk as well as potential effect modifiers. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the identification capability of TyG-BRI for CAS.  Results: Patients with CAS had significantly higher TyG-BRI levels than non-CAS controls. TyG-BRI was positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid. In fully adjusted models, elevated TyG-BRI was non-linearly associated with higher CAS risk (P for overall association < 0.001, P for non-linearity < 0.01). Per 1-standard-deviation increment in TyG-BRI, the ORs were 1.503 (95% CI 1.281–1.763, P < 0.001) for carotid intima-media thickening, 1.453 (95% CI 1.236–1.709, P < 0.001) for carotid plaque, and 2.247 (95% CI 1.820–2.773, P < 0.001) for CAS. Associations remained consistent across subgroups stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c and hypertension, with a stronger effect in participants with BMI < 24 kg/m² (OR 4.838, 95% CI 3.007–7.784, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed TyG-BRI significantly identified CAS (AUC = 0.698, 95% CI 0.664–0.731, P < 0.001), outperforming TyG and TyG-BMI while matching the performance of the composite indices of TyG combined with waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio.  Conclusion: TyG-BRI demonstrated an independent, non-linear dose-response association with CAS risk in type 2 diabetes. Its integration into cardiovascular risk stratification holds promise for enabling earlier identification of CAS.
SN  - 1664-2392
ER  -