Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Vitexin–Isovitexin-Loaded Microcapsule Combination on Restraint Stress Mouse Model
5 affiliations
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Dong Nai 76000, Vietnam
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- 4Research Group in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- 5Faculty of Sciences, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
Abstract
Chronic stress and anxiety highlight the need for safer natural alternatives to conventional therapies with severe adverse effects, yet the combined behavioral and biochemical effects of vitexin and its structural isomer, isovitexin, remain insufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the effects of a vitexin–isovitexin mixture in both crude and microencapsulated forms under acute and repeated restraint stress. In vitro radical-scavenging activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. In vivo, male Swiss albino mice subjected to acute (4 h) and repeated (4 h × 7 days) restraint stress received oral administration of the mixture (30 mg/kg) 30 min before each stress session, followed by behavioral testing and biochemical analysis; molecular docking was used as an exploratory approach to assess predicted structural compatibility with selected stress-related targets. In vitro, the mixture exhibited DPPH radical-scavenging activity. In vivo, the effects differed between the acute and repeated stress models, with significant changes in several behavioral outcomes, serum cortisol, and GSH levels, whereas MDA and TST responses were less consistent. Molecular docking suggested predicted structural compatibility of vitexin and isovitexin with SERT, 5-HT1A, GABAA, the glucocorticoid receptor, and Keap1. Overall, the VTX-iVTX mixture showed variable effects on stress-related behavioral and biochemical outcomes, with microencapsulation showing effects comparable to the crude form in most parameters and more pronounced effects in selected outcomes.
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BibTeX
@article{mai2026behavioral,
title = {{Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Vitexin–Isovitexin-Loaded Microcapsule Combination on Restraint Stress Mouse Model}},
author = {Huynh Nhu Mai and Kien Duc Ngo and Manh Hung Tran and Duc Tuan Nguyen and Hoang-Han Do and Lam Truong Tuong and Viet-Cuong Nguyen and Nopphadol Udomluck and Phuong Tram Nguyen and Minh Hien Khuu and Ngoc Phuc Nguyen Nguyen and Nhu Y Vo and Minh-Quan Le},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27198731},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8731},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Vitexin–Isovitexin-Loaded Microcapsule Combination on Restraint Stress Mouse Model
AU - Huynh Nhu Mai
AU - Kien Duc Ngo
AU - Manh Hung Tran
AU - Duc Tuan Nguyen
AU - Hoang-Han Do
AU - Lam Truong Tuong
AU - Viet-Cuong Nguyen
AU - Nopphadol Udomluck
AU - Phuong Tram Nguyen
AU - Minh Hien Khuu
AU - Ngoc Phuc Nguyen Nguyen
AU - Nhu Y Vo
AU - Minh-Quan Le
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27198731
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8731
AB - Chronic stress and anxiety highlight the need for safer natural alternatives to conventional therapies with severe adverse effects, yet the combined behavioral and biochemical effects of vitexin and its structural isomer, isovitexin, remain insufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the effects of a vitexin–isovitexin mixture in both crude and microencapsulated forms under acute and repeated restraint stress. In vitro radical-scavenging activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. In vivo, male Swiss albino mice subjected to acute (4 h) and repeated (4 h × 7 days) restraint stress received oral administration of the mixture (30 mg/kg) 30 min before each stress session, followed by behavioral testing and biochemical analysis; molecular docking was used as an exploratory approach to assess predicted structural compatibility with selected stress-related targets. In vitro, the mixture exhibited DPPH radical-scavenging activity. In vivo, the effects differed between the acute and repeated stress models, with significant changes in several behavioral outcomes, serum cortisol, and GSH levels, whereas MDA and TST responses were less consistent. Molecular docking suggested predicted structural compatibility of vitexin and isovitexin with SERT, 5-HT1A, GABAA, the glucocorticoid receptor, and Keap1. Overall, the VTX-iVTX mixture showed variable effects on stress-related behavioral and biochemical outcomes, with microencapsulation showing effects comparable to the crude form in most parameters and more pronounced effects in selected outcomes.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -