A high-fidelity modeling and simulation framework for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle
- 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah
- 3Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il
Abstract
This paper presents the development, integration, and simulation-based validation of a high-fidelity system-level model for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) designed for Formula SAE (FSAE) competition. The proposed powertrain architecture comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary energy source, a lithium-ion battery pack for peak power buffering and regenerative energy capture, and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for final drive propulsion. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) implemented in MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow governs power split between the fuel cell and battery to maintain fuel cell operation within its high-efficiency region while satisfying dynamic racing demands. Simulation results over the FSAE endurance cycle demonstrate that the vehicle achieves a 75-m acceleration time of 3.98 s (beating the 4.5 s target), consumes 1.61 kg of hydrogen (below the 1.8 kg limit), and maintains battery state-of-charge above 52%. The fuel cell operates 82% of the time within its peak efficiency band (5–15 kW), and regenerative braking recovers 82% of available kinetic energy. Comparative benchmarking against recent FSAE FCEV studies shows agreement within 8–12%, validating the modeling framework. This work provides a reusable, modular simulation tool for FCEV prototyping and identifies clear pathways for EMS optimization and experimental validation.
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BibTeX
@article{khlifi2026highfidelity,
title = {{A high-fidelity modeling and simulation framework for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle}},
author = {Mohamed Arbi Khlifi and Faisal Mahroogi and Marwa Ben Slimene and Iskander Tlili},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A high-fidelity modeling and simulation framework for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle
AU - Mohamed Arbi Khlifi
AU - Faisal Mahroogi
AU - Marwa Ben Slimene
AU - Iskander Tlili
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5
AB - This paper presents the development, integration, and simulation-based validation of a high-fidelity system-level model for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) designed for Formula SAE (FSAE) competition. The proposed powertrain architecture comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary energy source, a lithium-ion battery pack for peak power buffering and regenerative energy capture, and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for final drive propulsion. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) implemented in MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow governs power split between the fuel cell and battery to maintain fuel cell operation within its high-efficiency region while satisfying dynamic racing demands. Simulation results over the FSAE endurance cycle demonstrate that the vehicle achieves a 75-m acceleration time of 3.98 s (beating the 4.5 s target), consumes 1.61 kg of hydrogen (below the 1.8 kg limit), and maintains battery state-of-charge above 52%. The fuel cell operates 82% of the time within its peak efficiency band (5–15 kW), and regenerative braking recovers 82% of available kinetic energy. Comparative benchmarking against recent FSAE FCEV studies shows agreement within 8–12%, validating the modeling framework. This work provides a reusable, modular simulation tool for FCEV prototyping and identifies clear pathways for EMS optimization and experimental validation.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -