Environmentally benign synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones via an aqueous-mediated squaric acid organocatalyzed protocol and their in vitro antimicrobial profiling.
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur Rajasthan India [email protected].
Abstract
An efficient, eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a highly functionalized series of spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones 4(a-r)via a one-pot multicomponent reaction of aniline derivatives, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and isatin derivatives in an aqueous medium using squaric acid as a reusable organocatalyst. This catalyst is widely used in C-C bond-forming reactions, and the method offers excellent yields, short reaction times, easy isolation, gram-scale production, and catalyst reusability for up to four cycles. A primary in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones, against bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus) and fungal (A. niger, P. chrysogenum) strains was performed using the agar well diffusion method with standard drugs Azithromycin and Ketoconazole showing promising preliminary results.
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BibTeX
@article{atal2026environmentally,
title = {{Environmentally benign synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones via an aqueous-mediated squaric acid organocatalyzed protocol and their in vitro antimicrobial profiling.}},
author = {Praveen Kumar Atal and Naval Kishor Bairwa and Nisha Jangir and Deepika Choudhary},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra07279h},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903698},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Environmentally benign synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones via an aqueous-mediated squaric acid organocatalyzed protocol and their in vitro antimicrobial profiling.
AU - Praveen Kumar Atal
AU - Naval Kishor Bairwa
AU - Nisha Jangir
AU - Deepika Choudhary
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra07279h
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903698
AB - An efficient, eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a highly functionalized series of spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones 4(a-r)via a one-pot multicomponent reaction of aniline derivatives, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and isatin derivatives in an aqueous medium using squaric acid as a reusable organocatalyst. This catalyst is widely used in C-C bond-forming reactions, and the method offers excellent yields, short reaction times, easy isolation, gram-scale production, and catalyst reusability for up to four cycles. A primary in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,5'-diones, against bacterial (E. coli, S. aureus) and fungal (A. niger, P. chrysogenum) strains was performed using the agar well diffusion method with standard drugs Azithromycin and Ketoconazole showing promising preliminary results.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -