Short sleep duration and incident self-reported severe periodontitis among Japanese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, Medical Development Field, Okayama University , ,
- 2Dental School, Okayama University , ,
- 3Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University , ,
- 4Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , ,
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition influenced by behavioral, systemic and socioeconomic factors, and its prevalence increases with age. Although cross-sectional studies suggest an association between short sleep duration and periodontitis, longitudinal evidence remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and self-reported incident severe periodontitis using data from a nationwide prospective cohort.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using longitudinal data from the 2023–2025 waves of the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey. Participants without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline were followed for self-reported incident severe periodontitis. Short sleep duration was defined as <6 h per night. Cox proportional hazards models were used as the primary analysis, and generalized estimating equations were used as a secondary analysis.
Results: Among 33,000 respondents to the 2023 survey, 8,144 individuals without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline and with follow-up data were included in the study population. Short sleep duration was reported by 22.7% of participants and was associated with a higher risk of self-reported incident severe periodontitis (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.46). This association was consistent in the secondary analysis using repeated measures (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.46). Older age, lower income, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, depression and smoking were also associated with an increased risk.
Conclusion: Short sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor for self-reported incident severe periodontitis in the general population. The present findings highlight the potential importance of sleep for the prevention of periodontitis.
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BibTeX
@article{takeuchi2026short,
title = {{Short sleep duration and incident self-reported severe periodontitis among Japanese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study}},
author = {Noriko Takeuchi and Kanon Itoi and Takayuki Maruyama and Takahiro Tabuchi and Daisuke Ekuni},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946230},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661196},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Short sleep duration and incident self-reported severe periodontitis among Japanese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study
AU - Noriko Takeuchi
AU - Kanon Itoi
AU - Takayuki Maruyama
AU - Takahiro Tabuchi
AU - Daisuke Ekuni
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
JO - Frontiers in public health
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946230
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661196
AB - Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition influenced by behavioral, systemic and socioeconomic factors, and its prevalence increases with age. Although cross-sectional studies suggest an association between short sleep duration and periodontitis, longitudinal evidence remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and self-reported incident severe periodontitis using data from a nationwide prospective cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using longitudinal data from the 2023–2025 waves of the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey. Participants without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline were followed for self-reported incident severe periodontitis. Short sleep duration was defined as <6 h per night. Cox proportional hazards models were used as the primary analysis, and generalized estimating equations were used as a secondary analysis. Results: Among 33,000 respondents to the 2023 survey, 8,144 individuals without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline and with follow-up data were included in the study population. Short sleep duration was reported by 22.7% of participants and was associated with a higher risk of self-reported incident severe periodontitis (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.46). This association was consistent in the secondary analysis using repeated measures (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.46). Older age, lower income, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, depression and smoking were also associated with an increased risk. Conclusion: Short sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor for self-reported incident severe periodontitis in the general population. The present findings highlight the potential importance of sleep for the prevention of periodontitis.
SN - 2296-2565
ER -