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PreprintarXiv licencearXiv

A Beam-Switched Sparse Circular Array for Passive Wi-Fi Sensing

  • Yang Chen
  • Riccardo Bersan
  • Daniele Piazza
  • Stefano Savazzi
  • Michele D'Amico
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Wi-Fi sensing applications require unambiguous angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation over the full azimuth plane. Uniform circular arrays (UCAs) are shown to remove this ambiguity, but deploying the four RF chains typically available on commercial Wi-Fi chipsets into a sparse layout suffers from spatial undersampling. Such undersampling produces strong grating lobes. To overcome this hardware bottleneck, we first establish a generalized array manifold incorporating element radiation patterns, revealing the suitability and degradation mechanisms of directional UCAs. Then we propose an angularly staggered beam-switched UCA architecture that leverages the spatial complementarity. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively mitigates grating-lobe ambiguities without increasing the number of RF chains, significantly reducing AoA estimation outliers and improving omnidirectional tracking performance.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{chen2026beamswitched,
  title = {{A Beam-Switched Sparse Circular Array for Passive Wi-Fi Sensing}},
  author = {Yang Chen and Riccardo Bersan and Daniele Piazza and Stefano Savazzi and Michele D'Amico},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.02378},
  eprint = {2611.02378},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02378},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - A Beam-Switched Sparse Circular Array for Passive Wi-Fi Sensing
AU  - Yang Chen
AU  - Riccardo Bersan
AU  - Daniele Piazza
AU  - Stefano Savazzi
AU  - Michele D'Amico
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.02378
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02378
AB  - Wi-Fi sensing applications require unambiguous angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation over the full azimuth plane. Uniform circular arrays (UCAs) are shown to remove this ambiguity, but deploying the four RF chains typically available on commercial Wi-Fi chipsets into a sparse layout suffers from spatial undersampling. Such undersampling produces strong grating lobes. To overcome this hardware bottleneck, we first establish a generalized array manifold incorporating element radiation patterns, revealing the suitability and degradation mechanisms of directional UCAs. Then we propose an angularly staggered beam-switched UCA architecture that leverages the spatial complementarity. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively mitigates grating-lobe ambiguities without increasing the number of RF chains, significantly reducing AoA estimation outliers and improving omnidirectional tracking performance.
ER  -