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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in psychology

Wind-like sonification of footsteps for walking rehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors: a multiple case study

  • Marta Matamala-Gomez1
  • Jennifer Grau-Sánchez2
  • María F. Porto1
  • Marta A. Rocchetti3
  • Roser Boza4
  • Esther Duarte4
  • Joaquín R. Díaz-Durán5
  • Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi5
  • Frederic Bevilacqua6
  • Ana Tajadura-Jiménez5
  • Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells1
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona , ,
  2. 2Research Group on Complex Health Diagnoses and Interventions from Occupation and Care (OCCARE), Escola Universitària d'Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa (EUIT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , ,
  3. 3IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab , ,
  4. 4Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , ,
  5. 5Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés , ,
  6. 6STMS-IRCAM-CNRS-Sorbonne Université , ,
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Abstract

Gait impairments following stroke are prevalent and persistent, often affecting walking ability, body perception, and quality of life. Movement sonification-mapping body motion to sound-has shown promise for modulating sensorimotor function and body movements. This multiple-case experimental study investigated the effects of movement sonification using metaphorical sound on gait, body perception, emotional and cognitive state in three chronic stroke survivors. Using an ABA'C case study design, participants walked with real-time auditory feedback delivered via an interactive walking-interface system (SoniBand) across four periods: baseline (A), "Wind" sound (B or C), return to baseline (A'), and "Mechanical" sound (B or C), presented in a counterbalanced order, each phase lasted 3 weeks. Gait symmetry and walking velocity and ability were assessed as a primary outcome. Further, self-reported body perception, emotional and cognitive state were assessed as a secondary outcome. Exposure to the "Wind" sound condition led to improvements in gait symmetry and walking velocity. Further, showed enhanced perceptions of body lightness, speed, flexibility, mood improvements and sense of pleasure compared to the "Mechanical" sound and baseline periods. The "Mechanical" sound exposure induced a decrease in both gait speed and endurance in one out of the three patients. This multiple-case study provides some preliminary results to support the potential of metaphorical sound sonification to influence movement and body representation for walking rehabilitation in stroke survivors. The results from this case study pave the way to conduct future pilot studies including bigger samples, with a control arm, of chronic stroke survivors presenting walking impairments.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{matamalagomez2026windlike,
  title = {{Wind-like sonification of footsteps for walking rehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors: a multiple case study}},
  author = {Marta Matamala-Gomez and Jennifer Grau-Sánchez and María F. Porto and Marta A. Rocchetti and Roser Boza and Esther Duarte and Joaquín R. Díaz-Durán and Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi and Frederic Bevilacqua and Ana Tajadura-Jiménez and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells},
  journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1874994},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727385},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wind-like sonification of footsteps for walking rehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors: a multiple case study
AU  - Marta Matamala-Gomez
AU  - Jennifer Grau-Sánchez
AU  - María F. Porto
AU  - Marta A. Rocchetti
AU  - Roser Boza
AU  - Esther Duarte
AU  - Joaquín R. Díaz-Durán
AU  - Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi
AU  - Frederic Bevilacqua
AU  - Ana Tajadura-Jiménez
AU  - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - Frontiers in psychology
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1874994
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727385
AB  - Gait impairments following stroke are prevalent and persistent, often affecting walking ability, body perception, and quality of life. Movement sonification-mapping body motion to sound-has shown promise for modulating sensorimotor function and body movements. This multiple-case experimental study investigated the effects of movement sonification using metaphorical sound on gait, body perception, emotional and cognitive state in three chronic stroke survivors. Using an ABA'C case study design, participants walked with real-time auditory feedback delivered via an interactive walking-interface system (SoniBand) across four periods: baseline (A), "Wind" sound (B or C), return to baseline (A'), and "Mechanical" sound (B or C), presented in a counterbalanced order, each phase lasted 3 weeks. Gait symmetry and walking velocity and ability were assessed as a primary outcome. Further, self-reported body perception, emotional and cognitive state were assessed as a secondary outcome. Exposure to the "Wind" sound condition led to improvements in gait symmetry and walking velocity. Further, showed enhanced perceptions of body lightness, speed, flexibility, mood improvements and sense of pleasure compared to the "Mechanical" sound and baseline periods. The "Mechanical" sound exposure induced a decrease in both gait speed and endurance in one out of the three patients. This multiple-case study provides some preliminary results to support the potential of metaphorical sound sonification to influence movement and body representation for walking rehabilitation in stroke survivors. The results from this case study pave the way to conduct future pilot studies including bigger samples, with a control arm, of chronic stroke survivors presenting walking impairments.
SN  - 1664-1078
ER  -