Secondary Collective Excitations in Intermediate to Strong-Coupling Superconductors
Abstract
Considering systematically derived energy-transfer-dependent effective electron-electron interactions leads to the appearance of secondary phase and amplitude modes in isotropic superconductors in the intermediate-to-strong-coupling regime. We study the implications of such interactions on Bravais lattices by computing the corresponding response functions using the iterated equations of motion (iEoM) approach. In the weak-coupling regime, we find the conventional, primary amplitude and phase modes at ω=2Δ and ω=0, respectively. For intermediate coupling, the amplitude mode detaches from the quasiparticle continuum towards lower energies. Increasing the coupling further leads to additional, long-lived secondary collective excitations below the continuum. This phenomenon is largely independent of the underlying lattice and the specific Fermi level. The amplitude and phase modes couple if the system is not particle-hole symmetric. Additionally, we extend the method to compute eigenoperators, i.e., linear combinations of operators that excite each secondary mode specifically. We identify nodal structures in the coefficients for these eigenoperators reminiscent of wave functions in the Hydrogen problem.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{althuser2026secondary,
title = {{Secondary Collective Excitations in Intermediate to Strong-Coupling Superconductors}},
author = {Joshua Althüser and Götz S. Uhrig},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = may,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.20059},
eprint = {2605.20059},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20059},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Secondary Collective Excitations in Intermediate to Strong-Coupling Superconductors
AU - Joshua Althüser
AU - Götz S. Uhrig
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/19
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.20059
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20059
AB - Considering systematically derived energy-transfer-dependent effective electron-electron interactions leads to the appearance of secondary phase and amplitude modes in isotropic superconductors in the intermediate-to-strong-coupling regime. We study the implications of such interactions on Bravais lattices by computing the corresponding response functions using the iterated equations of motion (iEoM) approach. In the weak-coupling regime, we find the conventional, primary amplitude and phase modes at ω=2Δ and ω=0, respectively. For intermediate coupling, the amplitude mode detaches from the quasiparticle continuum towards lower energies. Increasing the coupling further leads to additional, long-lived secondary collective excitations below the continuum. This phenomenon is largely independent of the underlying lattice and the specific Fermi level. The amplitude and phase modes couple if the system is not particle-hole symmetric. Additionally, we extend the method to compute eigenoperators, i.e., linear combinations of operators that excite each secondary mode specifically. We identify nodal structures in the coefficients for these eigenoperators reminiscent of wave functions in the Hydrogen problem.
ER -