p-Adic statistical field theory of fluctuation effects in hierarchical neural networks
Abstract
The Buice-Cowan field theory [PRE 75, 051919 (2007)] describes fluctuations and correlations of neural activity through a path integral whose mean-field limit is the Wilson-Cowan equation and whose critical behavior belongs to the directed percolation class. In its continuum limit the neurons are the points of a Euclidean space and activity spreads by ordinary diffusion, which encodes neither the hierarchical organization of cortical networks nor their small-world property. We formulate a version of the theory in which the neurons are organized in an infinite, self-similar, tree-like structure, described by the p-adic numbers. The path integral carries over unchanged, and finite networks are exact restrictions of the continuum theory. The main change is in the linear response: in the Euclidean theory every short-range kernel reduces to the Laplacian, while in the p-adic theory each connectivity kernel gives its own nonlocal p-adic diffusion operator. For couplings that decay by a fixed factor per level of the hierarchy this is the Taibleson-Vladimirov operator, and the critical theory is an ultrametric Reggeon field theory whose upper critical dimension is twice the decay exponent of the coupling. Hence the decay of the coupling up the hierarchy, and not the dimension of space, decides whether mean-field exponents apply. We obtain a Ginzburg-type criterion, loop-corrected hierarchical Wilson-Cowan equations, log-periodic corrections to scaling and power-law correlations. Exact simulations on a tree support the predictions: the avalanche-size exponent takes the mean-field value 3/2 when the coupling decays slowly and decreases toward the directed-percolation value when it decays fast. The hierarchical network is also small-world when the decay exponent is smaller than the dimension, a property that the Euclidean theory obtains only by assuming long-range coupling.
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BibTeX
@misc{zunigagalindo2026padic,
title = {{p-Adic statistical field theory of fluctuation effects in hierarchical neural networks}},
author = {W. A. Zúñiga-Galindo},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.36400},
eprint = {2610.36400},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36400},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - p-Adic statistical field theory of fluctuation effects in hierarchical neural networks
AU - W. A. Zúñiga-Galindo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36400
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36400
AB - The Buice-Cowan field theory [PRE 75, 051919 (2007)] describes fluctuations and correlations of neural activity through a path integral whose mean-field limit is the Wilson-Cowan equation and whose critical behavior belongs to the directed percolation class. In its continuum limit the neurons are the points of a Euclidean space and activity spreads by ordinary diffusion, which encodes neither the hierarchical organization of cortical networks nor their small-world property. We formulate a version of the theory in which the neurons are organized in an infinite, self-similar, tree-like structure, described by the p-adic numbers. The path integral carries over unchanged, and finite networks are exact restrictions of the continuum theory. The main change is in the linear response: in the Euclidean theory every short-range kernel reduces to the Laplacian, while in the p-adic theory each connectivity kernel gives its own nonlocal p-adic diffusion operator. For couplings that decay by a fixed factor per level of the hierarchy this is the Taibleson-Vladimirov operator, and the critical theory is an ultrametric Reggeon field theory whose upper critical dimension is twice the decay exponent of the coupling. Hence the decay of the coupling up the hierarchy, and not the dimension of space, decides whether mean-field exponents apply. We obtain a Ginzburg-type criterion, loop-corrected hierarchical Wilson-Cowan equations, log-periodic corrections to scaling and power-law correlations. Exact simulations on a tree support the predictions: the avalanche-size exponent takes the mean-field value 3/2 when the coupling decays slowly and decreases toward the directed-percolation value when it decays fast. The hierarchical network is also small-world when the decay exponent is smaller than the dimension, a property that the Euclidean theory obtains only by assuming long-range coupling.
ER -