X-ray Characterization of Galaxy Groups and Hickson Groups in COSMOS-Web to z~3.8 I. X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution

@misc{gozaliasl2026xray,
  title = {{X-ray Characterization of Galaxy Groups and Hickson Groups in COSMOS-Web to z~3.8 I. X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution}},
  author = {Ghassem Gozaliasl and Günther Hasinger and Gavin Leroy and Alexis Finoguenov and Fatemeh Abedini and Hollis B. Akins and Rafael C. Arango-Toro and Arif Babul and Caitlin M. Casey and Nicole E. Drakos and Andreas L. Faisst and Carter Flayhart and Maximilien Franco and Zohreh Ghaffari and Santosh Harish and Hossein Hatamnia and Olivier Ilbert and Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe and Ali Ahmad Khostovan and Maarit Korpi-Lagg and Ronaldo Laishram and Daizhong Liu and Matteo Maturi and Henry Joy McCracken and Jed McKinney and Nicolas McMahon and Lauro Moscardini and Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr and Jason Rhodes and Brant E. Robertson and Louise Paquereau and Rasha M. Samir and Mark Sargent and Diana Scognamiglio and Marko Shuntov and Greta Toni and Francesco Ubertosi and Eleni Vardoulaki},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.02470},
  eprint = {2610.02470},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02470},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - X-ray Characterization of Galaxy Groups and Hickson Groups in COSMOS-Web to z~3.8 I. X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution
AU  - Ghassem Gozaliasl
AU  - Günther Hasinger
AU  - Gavin Leroy
AU  - Alexis Finoguenov
AU  - Fatemeh Abedini
AU  - Hollis B. Akins
AU  - Rafael C. Arango-Toro
AU  - Arif Babul
AU  - Caitlin M. Casey
AU  - Nicole E. Drakos
AU  - Andreas L. Faisst
AU  - Carter Flayhart
AU  - Maximilien Franco
AU  - Zohreh Ghaffari
AU  - Santosh Harish
AU  - Hossein Hatamnia
AU  - Olivier Ilbert
AU  - Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
AU  - Ali Ahmad Khostovan
AU  - Maarit Korpi-Lagg
AU  - Ronaldo Laishram
AU  - Daizhong Liu
AU  - Matteo Maturi
AU  - Henry Joy McCracken
AU  - Jed McKinney
AU  - Nicolas McMahon
AU  - Lauro Moscardini
AU  - Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr
AU  - Jason Rhodes
AU  - Brant E. Robertson
AU  - Louise Paquereau
AU  - Rasha M. Samir
AU  - Mark Sargent
AU  - Diana Scognamiglio
AU  - Marko Shuntov
AU  - Greta Toni
AU  - Francesco Ubertosi
AU  - Eleni Vardoulaki
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.02470
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02470
AB  - Galaxy groups are the dominant halo environment in the Universe and a sensitive laboratory for feedback and gas-cycling physics, yet a uniform, intermediate-redshift X-ray characterization of the group population has been limited by the availability of deep, wide-area imaging. We present a uniform X-ray characterization of the COSMOS-Web galaxy group population: 1,678 groups (CW-All) identified with the AMICO algorithm applied to the JWST-selected COSMOS-Web photometric catalog (0.08 ≲ z ≲ 3.7), and a parallel sample of 993 Hickson compact groups (CW-HCG; 0.08 ≲ z ≲ 3.82) over 0.45 deg^2. We apply a uniform aperture-photometry X-ray pipeline to the combined Chandra and XMM-Newton COSMOS mosaic, measuring fluxes, luminosities, temperatures, and halo masses and radii for every group, together with detections, upper limits, and quality flags. We detect X-ray emission from 499 CW-All groups (29.7\%) and 332 CW-HCG groups (33.4\%) at SNR~≥ 2.0, and present the X-ray luminosity function in four redshift bins. The characteristic luminosity L^⋆ rises monotonically by ∼1.9--2.1~dex from the lowest to highest redshift bin in both catalogs, a trend that persists under two independent cross-check binning schemes and is not explained by mass or richness selection of the detected population. A targeted search for diffuse X-ray emission from the AmicOne protocluster candidate at 2.50 ≲ z < 3.09 finds no statistically significant signal at the current depth. We publicly release the X-ray measurements and derived properties for both catalogs.
ER  -