Mechanical Reinforcement and Early-Stage Deterioration of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Isosorbide-Based Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Under Humid Soil Exposure
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55283, Indonesia
- 3Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- 4BB21+ Project Team, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Recently, the development of biomass-based polymers has attracted a great deal of attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, the relatively limited mechanical properties of these bio-derived polymers often require reinforcement through the inclusion of nanofillers, while the environmental durability of such nanocomposites remains insufficiently understood. In this regard, we prepared nanocomposites composed of isosorbide-based polycarbonate (ISB-PC) and surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and examined the effect of nanofillers on the mechanical properties and their retention under humid soil exposure. Interestingly, the initial reinforcement effect provided by CNCs rapidly decreased during the early stage of exposure, and the mechanical properties of the ISB-PC composites eventually converged toward those of pristine ISB-PC within a relatively short time. Based on the time-dependent changes in mechanical properties and mass loss, we propose that the mechanical deterioration was associated with physical changes in the polymer matrix, accompanied by the formation of macroscale cavities within the films. Our results suggest that initial reinforcement does not necessarily ensure sustained mechanical performance under humid soil exposure.
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BibTeX
@article{maulida2026mechanical,
title = {{Mechanical Reinforcement and Early-Stage Deterioration of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Isosorbide-Based Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Under Humid Soil Exposure}},
author = {Yuli Nurul Maulida and Ellana Nabilah Nur Averina Ansar and Merreta Noorenza Biutty and PilHo Huh and Seong Il Yoo},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/polym18212751},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2751},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Mechanical Reinforcement and Early-Stage Deterioration of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Isosorbide-Based Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Under Humid Soil Exposure
AU - Yuli Nurul Maulida
AU - Ellana Nabilah Nur Averina Ansar
AU - Merreta Noorenza Biutty
AU - PilHo Huh
AU - Seong Il Yoo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/05
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18212751
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2751
AB - Recently, the development of biomass-based polymers has attracted a great deal of attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, the relatively limited mechanical properties of these bio-derived polymers often require reinforcement through the inclusion of nanofillers, while the environmental durability of such nanocomposites remains insufficiently understood. In this regard, we prepared nanocomposites composed of isosorbide-based polycarbonate (ISB-PC) and surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and examined the effect of nanofillers on the mechanical properties and their retention under humid soil exposure. Interestingly, the initial reinforcement effect provided by CNCs rapidly decreased during the early stage of exposure, and the mechanical properties of the ISB-PC composites eventually converged toward those of pristine ISB-PC within a relatively short time. Based on the time-dependent changes in mechanical properties and mass loss, we propose that the mechanical deterioration was associated with physical changes in the polymer matrix, accompanied by the formation of macroscale cavities within the films. Our results suggest that initial reinforcement does not necessarily ensure sustained mechanical performance under humid soil exposure.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -