Quantum Rabi oscillations of a qubit strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide
Abstract
We theoretically investigate quantum Rabi oscillations in a system consisting of a two-level atom (qubit) strongly coupled to a one-dimensional open waveguide. In contrast to conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics, the qubit interacts with a continuum of propagating modes, which gives rise to fundamentally different dynamical behavior. Within the rotating-wave approximation, we express the multimode Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian in terms of collective bosonic operators and show that the system possesses two integrals of motion, enabling an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the single-excitation subspace. We show that for a strongly interacting qubit-photon system, the dynamics are captured by a reduced two-level model. In this framework, each level is defined as the product of the atomic excited state and a specific field mode, which takes the form of a multiphoton Fock-like state. In this picture, the Rabi oscillations represent a collective phenomenon corresponding to oscillations between multiphoton states differing by a single photon. We then extend our analysis to multiphoton processes in which the initial field is a coherent state with a continuous spectrum. In this case, the Rabi frequency is shown to be sensitive to the spectral profile of the function that generates the coherent state.
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BibTeX
@misc{greenberg2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum Rabi oscillations of a qubit strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide}},
author = {Ya. S. Greenberg and A. A. Shtygashev and O. A. Chuikin and A. G. Moiseev and O. V. Kibis},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.16077},
eprint = {2608.16077},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16077},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum Rabi oscillations of a qubit strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide
AU - Ya. S. Greenberg
AU - A. A. Shtygashev
AU - O. A. Chuikin
AU - A. G. Moiseev
AU - O. V. Kibis
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.16077
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16077
AB - We theoretically investigate quantum Rabi oscillations in a system consisting of a two-level atom (qubit) strongly coupled to a one-dimensional open waveguide. In contrast to conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics, the qubit interacts with a continuum of propagating modes, which gives rise to fundamentally different dynamical behavior. Within the rotating-wave approximation, we express the multimode Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian in terms of collective bosonic operators and show that the system possesses two integrals of motion, enabling an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the single-excitation subspace. We show that for a strongly interacting qubit-photon system, the dynamics are captured by a reduced two-level model. In this framework, each level is defined as the product of the atomic excited state and a specific field mode, which takes the form of a multiphoton Fock-like state. In this picture, the Rabi oscillations represent a collective phenomenon corresponding to oscillations between multiphoton states differing by a single photon. We then extend our analysis to multiphoton processes in which the initial field is a coherent state with a continuous spectrum. In this case, the Rabi frequency is shown to be sensitive to the spectral profile of the function that generates the coherent state.
ER -