National trends and disparities in coronary artery disease and depression-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2025: A population-based CDC WONDER analysis.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Muncie, Indiana, USA.
- 2Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan.
- 3Department of Medicine, Saidu Medical College, Swat, Pakistan.
- 4Department of Medicine, CMH Institute of Medical Science, Multan, Pakistan.
- 5Department of Medicine, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
- 6Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Rafiqi H J Shaheed Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and depressive disorders frequently coexist, but national mortality patterns involving both conditions remain incompletely characterized.Objective
To evaluate temporal trends and demographic and geographic disparities in mortality involving CAD and depressive or depressive-anxiety disorders in the United States from 1999 to 2025.Methods
We analyzed U.S. residents aged ≥25 years using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database. Deaths were included when CAD (ICD-10 I20-I25) and a depressive or depressive-anxiety disorder (F32, F33, or F41.2) were both recorded on the same death certificate, irrespective of underlying or contributing cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population, and temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Data were extracted April 10, 2026; 2025 mortality data were provisional. Urbanization analyses were limited to 1999-2020.Results
Among 85,806 deaths, the mean annual AAMR was 1.42 per 100,000 population. AAMR declined from 1.81 (95% CI, 1.75-1.87) in 1999 to 1.31 (95% CI, 1.26-1.35) in 2025 (AAPC, -1.38%; 95% CI, -2.24 to -0.50; p = 0.002), despite an increase during 2017-2020. Mean annual AAMRs were higher among males than females (1.52 vs 1.33), White individuals (1.59), the Midwest (1.91), and nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan areas during 1999-2020 (1.94 vs 1.33). Mortality increased among adults aged 35-44 and 55-64 years and among Black individuals from 2014 to 2025.Conclusions
Mortality involving both conditions declined overall but varied substantially across demographic and geographic subgroups, with increases in some younger and middle-aged populations.
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BibTeX
@article{abid2026national,
title = {{National trends and disparities in coronary artery disease and depression-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2025: A population-based CDC WONDER analysis.}},
author = {Hassaan Abid and Sohana Memon and Vishan Das and Tauseef Hamid and Kaneez Fatima and Muhammad Mukhlis and Muhammad Vazaym and Rithik Kumar Khiani},
journal = {American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100936},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894870},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - National trends and disparities in coronary artery disease and depression-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2025: A population-based CDC WONDER analysis.
AU - Hassaan Abid
AU - Sohana Memon
AU - Vishan Das
AU - Tauseef Hamid
AU - Kaneez Fatima
AU - Muhammad Mukhlis
AU - Muhammad Vazaym
AU - Rithik Kumar Khiani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
JO - American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice
DO - 10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100936
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894870
AB - Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) and depressive disorders frequently coexist, but national mortality patterns involving both conditions remain incompletely characterized.Objective To evaluate temporal trends and demographic and geographic disparities in mortality involving CAD and depressive or depressive-anxiety disorders in the United States from 1999 to 2025.Methods We analyzed U.S. residents aged ≥25 years using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database. Deaths were included when CAD (ICD-10 I20-I25) and a depressive or depressive-anxiety disorder (F32, F33, or F41.2) were both recorded on the same death certificate, irrespective of underlying or contributing cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population, and temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Data were extracted April 10, 2026; 2025 mortality data were provisional. Urbanization analyses were limited to 1999-2020.Results Among 85,806 deaths, the mean annual AAMR was 1.42 per 100,000 population. AAMR declined from 1.81 (95% CI, 1.75-1.87) in 1999 to 1.31 (95% CI, 1.26-1.35) in 2025 (AAPC, -1.38%; 95% CI, -2.24 to -0.50; p = 0.002), despite an increase during 2017-2020. Mean annual AAMRs were higher among males than females (1.52 vs 1.33), White individuals (1.59), the Midwest (1.91), and nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan areas during 1999-2020 (1.94 vs 1.33). Mortality increased among adults aged 35-44 and 55-64 years and among Black individuals from 2014 to 2025.Conclusions Mortality involving both conditions declined overall but varied substantially across demographic and geographic subgroups, with increases in some younger and middle-aged populations.
SN - 2666-6022
ER -