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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Combinatorial Insights into Asymptotic Normality

Abstract

In this paper we examine various sequences (Xn)n ∈ ℕ of real random variables arising naturally in connection with certain combinatorial structures. The goal is to investigate sufficient conditions for convergence to the standard normal distribution upon centering and normalization. By studying signed binomial sums, Stirling numbers of both kinds, and factorial moments, we obtain certain cancellations in the computation of centred moments 𝔼[(Xn − 𝔼[Xn])k]. This allows us to conclude that (Xn − 𝔼[Xn])/(√(Var Xn)) xrightarrowd N(0,1) when the factorial moments 𝔼[(Xn)k] are rational functions satisfying some simple conditions on the coefficients. A particular class of such random variables are those whose factorial moments are products and quotients of falling factorials in n; we apply our result in this situation and we discuss specific examples arising from block statistics of k-divisible non-crossing partitions and from outdegree statistics of rooted plane trees with k-divisible outdegrees.

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BibTeX
@misc{gatea2026combinatorial,
  title = {{Combinatorial Insights into Asymptotic Normality}},
  author = {Alexandru Gatea and Simon Huang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.34775},
  eprint = {2610.34775},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34775},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Combinatorial Insights into Asymptotic Normality
AU  - Alexandru Gatea
AU  - Simon Huang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.34775
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34775
AB  - In this paper we examine various sequences (X_n)_n ∈ ℕ of real random variables arising naturally in connection with certain combinatorial structures. The goal is to investigate sufficient conditions for convergence to the standard normal distribution upon centering and normalization. By studying signed binomial sums, Stirling numbers of both kinds, and factorial moments, we obtain certain cancellations in the computation of centred moments 𝔼[(X_n − 𝔼[X_n])^k]. This allows us to conclude that (X_n − 𝔼[X_n])/(√(Var X_n)) xrightarrowd N(0,1) when the factorial moments 𝔼[(X_n)_k] are rational functions satisfying some simple conditions on the coefficients. A particular class of such random variables are those whose factorial moments are products and quotients of falling factorials in n; we apply our result in this situation and we discuss specific examples arising from block statistics of k-divisible non-crossing partitions and from outdegree statistics of rooted plane trees with k-divisible outdegrees.
ER  -