[SUPERSEDED] Hyperion: A Compact Negative-Triangularity Spherical-Tokamak Helium-3 and Tritium Breeder
- 1Kronos Fusion Energy
Abstract
This record has been superseded. The current, updated version is Hyperion as a Strategic-Materials Platform: Gain, Tritium Breeding, He-3 Co-Production, and 14 MeV Neutron Output from a Compact Spherical-Tokamak (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22645691). Please read and cite the current version. This page stays online so existing citations keep resolving. Supplementary data and software for Hyperion, a compact deuterium–tritium spherical-tokamak breeder sized to a national tritium requirement. Its product is strategic isotopes — tritium and helium-3 (as the decay co-product) — together with 14 MeV neutrons for materials qualification. This deposit lets any reader reproduce the frozen design point from the deposited Python and inspect the 25,200-configuration scan behind it. The physics closes — the hard part is done. At demonstrated confinement the power balance is solved: Q = 3.424, P_fus = 88.7 MW, 4 kg of tritium per year, and the plasma closes without a wall (neutron wall load 1.966 MW/m²). Solving that power balance at demonstrated confinement was the hard, novel part, and it is done. This is a physics and simulation deposit — no economics, cost, market, policy or offtake content. Frozen design point (dt_scan.csv, config_id 22021): D-T; B0 8.0 T; R0 1.2 m; A 2.5; κ 2.0; q95 3.0; βN 1.532; Ip 9.86 MA (8.36 driven, 1.50 bootstrap; steady-state); P_fus 88.66 MW; P_n 70.67 MW (f_n 0.797); Q 3.424 — solved (not the withdrawn scaled 1.889); net tritium 4.00 kg/yr (≈ 2× world commercial flow) at TBR 1.8; startup 6.47 kg; wall 1.97 MW/m²; peak field 16.84 T. Design-space minimum-current finding (not the design point): 213 D-T and 71 pure-D-D configs close on duty; the lowest-Ip D-T config needs 4.93 MA vs 15.52 MA on pure D-D. A labelled scan result. Two-tier honesty: the headline reproduces bitwise from dt_evaluator.py. Declared, not presented as results: ash basis f_He4 = 0.05 (conservative for Q); triangularity sign (δ +0.4 vs −0.30, open, ~2% on Ip). Requirement-class conditions (chiefly the 8.36 MA current drive) are carried as such. Final-freeze physics with conditions attached: exhaust open-not-adverse; NT eliminates ELMs (demonstrated); per-MW tritium rates named by fuel/basis. Contents: physics kernels + breeder evaluator; the 25,200-row scan and blanket/fuel-cycle/verification tables; figures; a one-command driver; a machine-readable validation manifest; and a bound validation PDF. Reproduction needs only numpy, scipy, matplotlib. Project page (physics validation & simulation): https://www.kronosfusionenergy.com/physics_Validation_Simulation License CC BY 4.0. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21746157. Companion (tandem-mirror burner) 10.5281/zenodo.21746479. VERSION 2.0 (2026‑08‑04). This version presents tritium output as the blanket‑TBR lever it is: the demonstrated beryllium‑multiplied blanket (TBR 1.34, blanket_tbr.csv) nets ~1.7 kg/yr, and the 4.0 kg/yr national‑duty figure is the advanced‑blanket target (TBR ~1.8). The design‑point physics (Q 3.424, P_fus 88.66 MW, Ip 9.86 MA) is unchanged from v1.
Related
- Compact Experimental Negative TriAngUlarity Reactor (CENTAUR): A design study for a compact, affordable breakeven tokamak
- Hyperion as a Strategic-Materials Platform: Gain, Tritium Breeding, He-3 Co-Production, and 14 MeV Neutron Output from a Compact Spherical-Tokamak
- [SUPERSEDED] The Kronos Integrated Platform: A Spherical-Tokamak Breeder and a Deuterium-Helium-3 Burner as One Strategic-Materials and Power Architecture
- [SUPERSEDED] Physics-Informed AI and Quantum Technologies for Certifiable Real-Time Control of Compact Fusion Generators
- Predicting Negative Triangularity Edge Confinement with a Neutral-Coupled Full-f Gyrokinetic Model
BibTeX
@article{ford2026superseded,
title = {{[SUPERSEDED] Hyperion: A Compact Negative-Triangularity Spherical-Tokamak Helium-3 and Tritium Breeder}},
author = {Priyanca Ford and G. L. Kulcinski},
journal = {Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21746156},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21746156},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - [SUPERSEDED] Hyperion: A Compact Negative-Triangularity Spherical-Tokamak Helium-3 and Tritium Breeder
AU - Priyanca Ford
AU - G. L. Kulcinski
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/02
JO - Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
DO - 10.5281/zenodo.21746156
UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21746156
AB - This record has been superseded. The current, updated version is Hyperion as a Strategic-Materials Platform: Gain, Tritium Breeding, He-3 Co-Production, and 14 MeV Neutron Output from a Compact Spherical-Tokamak (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22645691). Please read and cite the current version. This page stays online so existing citations keep resolving. Supplementary data and software for Hyperion, a compact deuterium–tritium spherical-tokamak breeder sized to a national tritium requirement. Its product is strategic isotopes — tritium and helium-3 (as the decay co-product) — together with 14 MeV neutrons for materials qualification. This deposit lets any reader reproduce the frozen design point from the deposited Python and inspect the 25,200-configuration scan behind it. The physics closes — the hard part is done. At demonstrated confinement the power balance is solved: Q = 3.424, P_fus = 88.7 MW, 4 kg of tritium per year, and the plasma closes without a wall (neutron wall load 1.966 MW/m²). Solving that power balance at demonstrated confinement was the hard, novel part, and it is done. This is a physics and simulation deposit — no economics, cost, market, policy or offtake content. Frozen design point (dt_scan.csv, config_id 22021): D-T; B0 8.0 T; R0 1.2 m; A 2.5; κ 2.0; q95 3.0; βN 1.532; Ip 9.86 MA (8.36 driven, 1.50 bootstrap; steady-state); P_fus 88.66 MW; P_n 70.67 MW (f_n 0.797); Q 3.424 — solved (not the withdrawn scaled 1.889); net tritium 4.00 kg/yr (≈ 2× world commercial flow) at TBR 1.8; startup 6.47 kg; wall 1.97 MW/m²; peak field 16.84 T. Design-space minimum-current finding (not the design point): 213 D-T and 71 pure-D-D configs close on duty; the lowest-Ip D-T config needs 4.93 MA vs 15.52 MA on pure D-D. A labelled scan result. Two-tier honesty: the headline reproduces bitwise from dt_evaluator.py. Declared, not presented as results: ash basis f_He4 = 0.05 (conservative for Q); triangularity sign (δ +0.4 vs −0.30, open, ~2% on Ip). Requirement-class conditions (chiefly the 8.36 MA current drive) are carried as such. Final-freeze physics with conditions attached: exhaust open-not-adverse; NT eliminates ELMs (demonstrated); per-MW tritium rates named by fuel/basis. Contents: physics kernels + breeder evaluator; the 25,200-row scan and blanket/fuel-cycle/verification tables; figures; a one-command driver; a machine-readable validation manifest; and a bound validation PDF. Reproduction needs only numpy, scipy, matplotlib. Project page (physics validation & simulation): https://www.kronosfusionenergy.com/physics_Validation_Simulation License CC BY 4.0. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21746157. Companion (tandem-mirror burner) 10.5281/zenodo.21746479. VERSION 2.0 (2026‑08‑04). This version presents tritium output as the blanket‑TBR lever it is: the demonstrated beryllium‑multiplied blanket (TBR 1.34, blanket_tbr.csv) nets ~1.7 kg/yr, and the 4.0 kg/yr national‑duty figure is the advanced‑blanket target (TBR ~1.8). The design‑point physics (Q 3.424, P_fus 88.66 MW, Ip 9.86 MA) is unchanged from v1.
ER -