Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants
Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of infant diarrheal death worldwide. Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) prevents illness and death, but efficacy differs between high- and low-income countries and the etiologies are unclear. Here, we describe the relationship between colonization of the infant gut by commensal bacteria, inflammation, and vaccine response across a cohort of infants from Panama, Peru, and the U.S. Vaccine immunogenicity was related to community composition in the first month of life and inverse to increased relative abundance of Klebsiella . Clustering communities into gut types revealed that microbiome configurations with elevated Klebsiella or Escherichia in the first month of life were negatively associated with both seroconversion and rotavirus shedding after vaccination, suggesting potential inhibition of vaccine function or host response. Infants without RVV strain shedding displayed elevated fecal calprotectin in the first month. These results implicate microbiome-augmented infant gut inflammation as a potential impediment to RVV response.
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BibTeX
@article{seymour2026klebsielladominant,
title = {{Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants}},
author = {Cale O. Seymour and Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah and Yesun Lee and Alexander R. Nicols and Wesley A. Cheng and Jaycee M. Jumarang and Carolyn Jennifer Marentes Ruiz and Jocelyn Navarro and Rafaella Navarro and Yamile Rodriguez-Angeles and David Durand and Sarah M. Allard and Zackary W. Taylor and Ruth G. De León and Theresa J. Ochoa and Jack A. Gilbert and Pia S. Pannaraj},
journal = {Nature Communications},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-78148-x},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78148-x},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants
AU - Cale O. Seymour
AU - Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah
AU - Yesun Lee
AU - Alexander R. Nicols
AU - Wesley A. Cheng
AU - Jaycee M. Jumarang
AU - Carolyn Jennifer Marentes Ruiz
AU - Jocelyn Navarro
AU - Rafaella Navarro
AU - Yamile Rodriguez-Angeles
AU - David Durand
AU - Sarah M. Allard
AU - Zackary W. Taylor
AU - Ruth G. De León
AU - Theresa J. Ochoa
AU - Jack A. Gilbert
AU - Pia S. Pannaraj
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Nature Communications
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-78148-x
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78148-x
AB - Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of infant diarrheal death worldwide. Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) prevents illness and death, but efficacy differs between high- and low-income countries and the etiologies are unclear. Here, we describe the relationship between colonization of the infant gut by commensal bacteria, inflammation, and vaccine response across a cohort of infants from Panama, Peru, and the U.S. Vaccine immunogenicity was related to community composition in the first month of life and inverse to increased relative abundance of Klebsiella . Clustering communities into gut types revealed that microbiome configurations with elevated Klebsiella or Escherichia in the first month of life were negatively associated with both seroconversion and rotavirus shedding after vaccination, suggesting potential inhibition of vaccine function or host response. Infants without RVV strain shedding displayed elevated fecal calprotectin in the first month. These results implicate microbiome-augmented infant gut inflammation as a potential impediment to RVV response.
SN - 2041-1723
ER -