esQueranto: Differentiable Structured Quantum Light for Automated Scientific Discovery
Abstract
Uncovering new phenomena in nature requires experiments. For centuries, their design has been exclusively a human endeavor. Today, a new paradigm is emerging in which artificial intelligence and computational methods can design experiments themselves. Realizing this form of automated scientific discovery requires simulators that are sufficiently expressive to represent the diverse physical processes and couplings from which new experiments can be constructed. In this direction, we introduce \textsc{esQueranto}, a differentiable software that brings photon-number quantum optics and structured-light propagation into a common description, allowing the spatial evolution of light to directly influence non-classical quantum states and their interference. \textsc{esQueranto} is implemented in JAX, providing automatic differentiation and hardware-accelerated evaluation for optimization and automated search. We demonstrate the framework across a broad range of quantum-optical applications that exercise complementary aspects of its physical description. By combining quantum and structured-light physics within a single differentiable simulator, \textsc{esQueranto} takes an important step towards the dream of a foundational simulator in physics.
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BibTeX
@misc{armezzani2026esqueranto,
title = {{esQueranto: Differentiable Structured Quantum Light for Automated Scientific Discovery}},
author = {Marcello Armezzani and Tareq Jaouni and Pontus Lindgren and Sören Arlt and Mario Krenn and Xuemei Gu},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.00750},
eprint = {2610.00750},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00750},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - esQueranto: Differentiable Structured Quantum Light for Automated Scientific Discovery
AU - Marcello Armezzani
AU - Tareq Jaouni
AU - Pontus Lindgren
AU - Sören Arlt
AU - Mario Krenn
AU - Xuemei Gu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.00750
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00750
AB - Uncovering new phenomena in nature requires experiments. For centuries, their design has been exclusively a human endeavor. Today, a new paradigm is emerging in which artificial intelligence and computational methods can design experiments themselves. Realizing this form of automated scientific discovery requires simulators that are sufficiently expressive to represent the diverse physical processes and couplings from which new experiments can be constructed. In this direction, we introduce \textsc{esQueranto}, a differentiable software that brings photon-number quantum optics and structured-light propagation into a common description, allowing the spatial evolution of light to directly influence non-classical quantum states and their interference. \textsc{esQueranto} is implemented in JAX, providing automatic differentiation and hardware-accelerated evaluation for optimization and automated search. We demonstrate the framework across a broad range of quantum-optical applications that exercise complementary aspects of its physical description. By combining quantum and structured-light physics within a single differentiable simulator, \textsc{esQueranto} takes an important step towards the dream of a foundational simulator in physics.
ER -