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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and sleep patterns with lung cancer in southwest China: A case-control study

  • Xinwei Zuo1
  • Qing Zhou2
  • Lilong Pang3
  • Gaoting Li4
  • Feng Long5
  • Zihao Xiang
  • Xin Gong
  • Manyi Xu
  • Ting Chen
  • Xuemei Lian
5 affiliations
  1. 1Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
  2. 2Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
  3. 3College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
  4. 4Chongqing Nanan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
  5. 5Chongqing Tongnan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
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Abstract

Background: Evidence on the associations of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and sleep patterns with lung cancer remains inconsistent. We aimed to examine these associations in southwest China and to explore whether the association between sleep patterns and lung cancer differed according to dietary PUFA intake. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study in Chongqing, southwest China, from August 22, 2023, to September 30, 2024. Each lung cancer case was matched to two controls by age group (<45, 45–65, or >65 years) and sex. Dietary PUFA intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), and sleep patterns were evaluated using a composite healthy sleep score based on five sleep characteristics. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 322 lung cancer cases and 644 matched controls were included. In continuous analyses, each 1-g/day increase in omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with lower odds of lung cancer (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96). In tertile-based analyses, participants in the highest versus lowest intake tertiles had lower odds of lung cancer across all three PUFA types (omega-3 PUFAs: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.78; omega-6 PUFAs: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31–0.80; total PUFAs: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30–0.79). Favorable sleep patterns were also associated with lower odds of lung cancer compared with unfavorable sleep patterns (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40–0.87). Although lower stratum-specific ORs were observed in the higher omega-3 PUFA intake stratum, the multiplicative interaction tests were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and favorable sleep patterns were each associated with lower odds of lung cancer in this matched case-control study. Associations for omega-6 and total PUFA intake were observed in tertile-based analyses but were not consistent across modeling approaches. These observational findings require confirmation in prospective studies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zuo2026associations,
  title = {{Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and sleep patterns with lung cancer in southwest China: A case-control study}},
  author = {Xinwei Zuo and Qing Zhou and Lilong Pang and Gaoting Li and Feng Long and Zihao Xiang and Xin Gong and Manyi Xu and Ting Chen and Xuemei Lian},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0358576},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358576},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and sleep patterns with lung cancer in southwest China: A case-control study
AU  - Xinwei Zuo
AU  - Qing Zhou
AU  - Lilong Pang
AU  - Gaoting Li
AU  - Feng Long
AU  - Zihao Xiang
AU  - Xin Gong
AU  - Manyi Xu
AU  - Ting Chen
AU  - Xuemei Lian
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0358576
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358576
AB  - Background: Evidence on the associations of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and sleep patterns with lung cancer remains inconsistent. We aimed to examine these associations in southwest China and to explore whether the association between sleep patterns and lung cancer differed according to dietary PUFA intake. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study in Chongqing, southwest China, from August 22, 2023, to September 30, 2024. Each lung cancer case was matched to two controls by age group (<45, 45–65, or >65 years) and sex. Dietary PUFA intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), and sleep patterns were evaluated using a composite healthy sleep score based on five sleep characteristics. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 322 lung cancer cases and 644 matched controls were included. In continuous analyses, each 1-g/day increase in omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with lower odds of lung cancer (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96). In tertile-based analyses, participants in the highest versus lowest intake tertiles had lower odds of lung cancer across all three PUFA types (omega-3 PUFAs: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.78; omega-6 PUFAs: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31–0.80; total PUFAs: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30–0.79). Favorable sleep patterns were also associated with lower odds of lung cancer compared with unfavorable sleep patterns (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40–0.87). Although lower stratum-specific ORs were observed in the higher omega-3 PUFA intake stratum, the multiplicative interaction tests were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and favorable sleep patterns were each associated with lower odds of lung cancer in this matched case-control study. Associations for omega-6 and total PUFA intake were observed in tertile-based analyses but were not consistent across modeling approaches. These observational findings require confirmation in prospective studies.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -