Controlling Atom Array in an Ultra-high-cooperativity Optical Cavity
Abstract
Neutral-atom array and cavity quantum electrodynamics offer complementary strengths for quantum science: scalable, reconfigurable qubit architectures and strong coherent light-matter coupling. Combining them in a single platform requires an optical cavity with simultaneously high cooperativity, sufficient mode volume to accommodate atom array, and ample side optical access for atom trapping, imaging, cooling, and rearrangement, a combination that is challenging to achieve. Here we realize an atomic array integrated with a millimeter-scale Fabry--Pérot cavity whose optically-characterized single-atom cooperativity reaches ηcav=125±13. Atom-cavity transmission spectra of trapped atoms yield an effective spectroscopic cooperativity ηspec=106± 3, providing an in-situ verification of strong coupling in the integrated platform. In this integrated system, we achieve a state-measurement fidelity of 99.925+15−18% for a single atom with a 4-μs readout time. We also demonstrate simultaneous coupling of up to 21 individually trapped atoms to the antinode of the cavity mode. The key technical advance is a two-step mirror-fabrication method combining precision mechanical shaping and carbon-dioxide laser polishing, which produces concave fused-silica mirrors with sub-millimeter radii of curvature and residual roughness below 2 Å. Our results establish a regime of cavity-integrated atomic array that simultaneously provides high cooperativity, large mode volume, and flexible manipulation of individual atoms, opening opportunities for cavity-assisted quantum state readout and long-range entanglement-engineering in atom-array platforms.
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BibTeX
@misc{ye2026controlling,
title = {{Controlling Atom Array in an Ultra-high-cooperativity Optical Cavity}},
author = {Jilai Ye and Zhihao Chi and Ye Tian and Shuyao Mei and Xiaoyu Li and Wanlin Wang and Wenjun Zhang and Yajuan Zhao and Jiazhong Hu and Wenlan Chen},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.04090},
eprint = {2607.04090},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04090},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Controlling Atom Array in an Ultra-high-cooperativity Optical Cavity
AU - Jilai Ye
AU - Zhihao Chi
AU - Ye Tian
AU - Shuyao Mei
AU - Xiaoyu Li
AU - Wanlin Wang
AU - Wenjun Zhang
AU - Yajuan Zhao
AU - Jiazhong Hu
AU - Wenlan Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.04090
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04090
AB - Neutral-atom array and cavity quantum electrodynamics offer complementary strengths for quantum science: scalable, reconfigurable qubit architectures and strong coherent light-matter coupling. Combining them in a single platform requires an optical cavity with simultaneously high cooperativity, sufficient mode volume to accommodate atom array, and ample side optical access for atom trapping, imaging, cooling, and rearrangement, a combination that is challenging to achieve. Here we realize an atomic array integrated with a millimeter-scale Fabry--Pérot cavity whose optically-characterized single-atom cooperativity reaches η_cav=125±13. Atom-cavity transmission spectra of trapped atoms yield an effective spectroscopic cooperativity η_spec=106± 3, providing an in-situ verification of strong coupling in the integrated platform. In this integrated system, we achieve a state-measurement fidelity of 99.925^+15_−18% for a single atom with a 4-μs readout time. We also demonstrate simultaneous coupling of up to 21 individually trapped atoms to the antinode of the cavity mode. The key technical advance is a two-step mirror-fabrication method combining precision mechanical shaping and carbon-dioxide laser polishing, which produces concave fused-silica mirrors with sub-millimeter radii of curvature and residual roughness below 2 Å. Our results establish a regime of cavity-integrated atomic array that simultaneously provides high cooperativity, large mode volume, and flexible manipulation of individual atoms, opening opportunities for cavity-assisted quantum state readout and long-range entanglement-engineering in atom-array platforms.
ER -