Selective extraction of phenolic compounds from barley waste using deep eutectic solvents
- 1Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- 2Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
Abstract
In this study, the development of an ultrasound method for extraction of phenolic compounds from barley waste using acidic deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DES) was investigated. Optimization of the extraction parameters, which include extraction time, temperature, and ultrasound power (UP), was performed using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) experimental design, followed by HPLC-PDA for determination of total quantified phenolic content (TQPC). In addition, the influence of water addition on TQPC was evaluated. The Maximum TQPC obtained was 5.78 mg/g using ChCl: formic acid at a molar ratio (1:2) and optimal conditions of (70 °C, 30 min, 80% UP, 10% water), and 4.67 mg/g, using ChCl: tartaric acid at a molar ratio (1:2) and optimal conditions of (70 °C, 25 min, 100% UP, and 20% water). The obtained TQPC was 5- and 4-fold higher in comparison with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extraction. LC–MS-qTOF analysis of DES extracts revealed diverse phenolic compounds, while the concentration range of compounds obtained was as follows: ferulic acid (0.86–2.47 mg/g), catechin (0.12–2.16 mg/g), p-coumaric acid (0.12–0.32 mg/g), naringenin (0.54–0.86 mg/g), and apigenin (0.15–0.91 mg/g). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced accessibility of lignocellulose in DES-treated samples. The sustainability of UAE-DES extraction was assessed using AGREE, AGREEprep, CACI, BAGI, and CaFRI green tools. The grade assessment of each tool resulted in scores: 0.63 for AGREE, 0.57 for AGREEprep, 65 for CACI, 82.5 for BAGI, and 72 for CaFRI, indicating a greener extraction performance of UAE-DES in comparison with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extraction.
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BibTeX
@article{bradic2026selective,
title = {{Selective extraction of phenolic compounds from barley waste using deep eutectic solvents}},
author = {Bojana Bradić and Jakub Dušek and Jan Poustka and Chi Mai Nguyenova and Alina Kalyniukova},
journal = {Frontiers in Analytical Science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/frans.2026.1895087},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2026.1895087},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Selective extraction of phenolic compounds from barley waste using deep eutectic solvents
AU - Bojana Bradić
AU - Jakub Dušek
AU - Jan Poustka
AU - Chi Mai Nguyenova
AU - Alina Kalyniukova
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - Frontiers in Analytical Science
DO - 10.3389/frans.2026.1895087
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2026.1895087
AB - In this study, the development of an ultrasound method for extraction of phenolic compounds from barley waste using acidic deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DES) was investigated. Optimization of the extraction parameters, which include extraction time, temperature, and ultrasound power (UP), was performed using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) experimental design, followed by HPLC-PDA for determination of total quantified phenolic content (TQPC). In addition, the influence of water addition on TQPC was evaluated. The Maximum TQPC obtained was 5.78 mg/g using ChCl: formic acid at a molar ratio (1:2) and optimal conditions of (70 °C, 30 min, 80% UP, 10% water), and 4.67 mg/g, using ChCl: tartaric acid at a molar ratio (1:2) and optimal conditions of (70 °C, 25 min, 100% UP, and 20% water). The obtained TQPC was 5- and 4-fold higher in comparison with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extraction. LC–MS-qTOF analysis of DES extracts revealed diverse phenolic compounds, while the concentration range of compounds obtained was as follows: ferulic acid (0.86–2.47 mg/g), catechin (0.12–2.16 mg/g), p-coumaric acid (0.12–0.32 mg/g), naringenin (0.54–0.86 mg/g), and apigenin (0.15–0.91 mg/g). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced accessibility of lignocellulose in DES-treated samples. The sustainability of UAE-DES extraction was assessed using AGREE, AGREEprep, CACI, BAGI, and CaFRI green tools. The grade assessment of each tool resulted in scores: 0.63 for AGREE, 0.57 for AGREEprep, 65 for CACI, 82.5 for BAGI, and 72 for CaFRI, indicating a greener extraction performance of UAE-DES in comparison with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extraction.
SN - 2673-9283
ER -