Hawking evaporation and the possibility of remnant formation for covariant quantum black holes
Abstract
Covariant quantum black holes (BHs) are an important development in loop quantum gravity (LQG), and investigations of their evaporation may offer a possible avenue for testing LQG. In this paper, we investigate the evaporation of covariant quantum BHs and the possibility of remnant formation. Our results show that covariant quantum BHs can leave remnants, calculated by analytical greybody factors for a massless scalar field. Nevertheless, the fully numerical results indicate mass loss rates of covariant quantum BHs are spin-dependent and differ from those of Schwarzschild BHs, due to spin-dependent greybody factors. In particular, these BHs evaporate faster than Schwarzschild BHs in the low-mass regime, with the evaporation being dominated by massless neutrino emission rather than scalar field emission, contrary to the scalar field dominance commonly assumed in previous studies. Therefore, considering only BH evaporation in the massless scalar field case may be insufficient and may even lead to misjudging BH fate. In addition, these results may provide a way to test LQG in the future.
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BibTeX
@misc{wang2026hawking,
title = {{Hawking evaporation and the possibility of remnant formation for covariant quantum black holes}},
author = {Li-Shuai Wang and Xiangdong Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.17520},
eprint = {2607.17520},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17520},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hawking evaporation and the possibility of remnant formation for covariant quantum black holes
AU - Li-Shuai Wang
AU - Xiangdong Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.17520
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17520
AB - Covariant quantum black holes (BHs) are an important development in loop quantum gravity (LQG), and investigations of their evaporation may offer a possible avenue for testing LQG. In this paper, we investigate the evaporation of covariant quantum BHs and the possibility of remnant formation. Our results show that covariant quantum BHs can leave remnants, calculated by analytical greybody factors for a massless scalar field. Nevertheless, the fully numerical results indicate mass loss rates of covariant quantum BHs are spin-dependent and differ from those of Schwarzschild BHs, due to spin-dependent greybody factors. In particular, these BHs evaporate faster than Schwarzschild BHs in the low-mass regime, with the evaporation being dominated by massless neutrino emission rather than scalar field emission, contrary to the scalar field dominance commonly assumed in previous studies. Therefore, considering only BH evaporation in the massless scalar field case may be insufficient and may even lead to misjudging BH fate. In addition, these results may provide a way to test LQG in the future.
ER -