Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,952 studies31 sourcesUpdated 9 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Journal of Biophotonics

Hybrid Confocal Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Microscopy for In‐Depth and Noninvasive Imaging of Biomolecule‐Functionalized 3D Scaffolds

  • Eudokia Kyriakou1,2
  • George J. Tserevelakis1,3
  • Konstantina Terzaki1
  • Petros Tavlas1
  • Chrysanthi Pinelopi Apostolidou1,2
  • Stefanos Mavrikos4
  • Costas P. Grigoropoulos4
  • Anna Mitraki1,2
  • Maria Farsari1
  • Giannis Zacharakis1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Heraklion Crete Greece
  2. 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece
  3. 3Department of Biology University of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece
  4. 4Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
Read full textPDFDOICite

Abstract

The precise integration of biomolecules within three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds is essential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, are destructive or limited to surface analysis, while confocal fluorescence microscopy is often hindered by scaffold autofluorescence. Here, we introduce a nondestructive hybrid imaging approach combining confocal fluorescence and frequency‐domain photoacoustic microscopy for volumetric characterization of biomolecule‐functionalized scaffolds. The method was demonstrated on honeycomb‐inspired 3D scaffolds fabricated by multiphoton lithography using a zirconium‐based hybrid photoresist and functionalized with Fmoc‐Asp‐OFm amyloid peptide fibrils via gold‐ion coating. Confocal fluorescence microscopy effectively resolves the scaffold architecture, whereas photoacoustic imaging selectively reveals the spatial distribution of peptide fibrils on the surface and within the scaffold volume, unaffected by autofluorescence. By decoupling structural and biomolecular information, this complementary approach enables nondestructive volumetric assessment of functionalized 3D microstructures, offering valuable capabilities for biomaterials characterization and quality control.

Related

  1. Acoustic coherence-aware oriented 3D photoacoustic microscopy super-resolution with noise-suppression
    Yuchen Sun, Baoguo Lu, Tianxiang Zuo +3
    Optics ExpressPeer-reviewedPublisher termsOptics & photonicsCrossref
  2. Parallel multilayer photoacoustic microscopy of slide-free histology using a droplet-shaped UV beam
    Wei Song, Yechen Wang, Jing Liu +2
    Science AdvancesPeer-reviewedCC BY-NCCrossref
  3. Acquisition-inspired motion artifact modeling and degradation-consistent diffusion restoration in photoacoustic microscopy
    Heqing Wang, Shuyan Zhang, Jingtan Li +3
    PhotoacousticsPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textOptics & photonicsDOAJ
  4. Single-shot dual-scale photoacoustic microscopy enables ultra-sparse sampling reconstruction of optical-resolution imaging.
    Kexin Chen, Zhouyan Cao, Ruiqin Li +3
    PhotoacousticsPeer-reviewedCC BY-NCFull textEurope PMC
  5. Metalens-transparent ultrasound transducer module for extended depth photoacoustic microscopy
    Krishnendu Samanta, Myunghoo Lee, Shubham Mirg +5
    arXivPreprintarXiv licenceFull textOptics & photonicsarXiv

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kyriakou2026hybrid,
  title = {{Hybrid Confocal Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Microscopy for In‐Depth and Noninvasive Imaging of Biomolecule‐Functionalized 3D Scaffolds}},
  author = {Eudokia Kyriakou and George J. Tserevelakis and Konstantina Terzaki and Petros Tavlas and Chrysanthi Pinelopi Apostolidou and Stefanos Mavrikos and Costas P. Grigoropoulos and Anna Mitraki and Maria Farsari and Giannis Zacharakis},
  journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1002/jbio.70388},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70388},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hybrid Confocal Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Microscopy for In‐Depth and Noninvasive Imaging of Biomolecule‐Functionalized 3D Scaffolds
AU  - Eudokia Kyriakou
AU  - George J. Tserevelakis
AU  - Konstantina Terzaki
AU  - Petros Tavlas
AU  - Chrysanthi Pinelopi Apostolidou
AU  - Stefanos Mavrikos
AU  - Costas P. Grigoropoulos
AU  - Anna Mitraki
AU  - Maria Farsari
AU  - Giannis Zacharakis
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
JO  - Journal of Biophotonics
DO  - 10.1002/jbio.70388
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70388
AB  - The precise integration of biomolecules within three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds is essential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, are destructive or limited to surface analysis, while confocal fluorescence microscopy is often hindered by scaffold autofluorescence. Here, we introduce a nondestructive hybrid imaging approach combining confocal fluorescence and frequency‐domain photoacoustic microscopy for volumetric characterization of biomolecule‐functionalized scaffolds. The method was demonstrated on honeycomb‐inspired 3D scaffolds fabricated by multiphoton lithography using a zirconium‐based hybrid photoresist and functionalized with Fmoc‐Asp‐OFm amyloid peptide fibrils via gold‐ion coating. Confocal fluorescence microscopy effectively resolves the scaffold architecture, whereas photoacoustic imaging selectively reveals the spatial distribution of peptide fibrils on the surface and within the scaffold volume, unaffected by autofluorescence. By decoupling structural and biomolecular information, this complementary approach enables nondestructive volumetric assessment of functionalized 3D microstructures, offering valuable capabilities for biomaterials characterization and quality control.
SN  - 1864-063X
SN  - 1864-0648
ER  -