Path-Specific Geometric-Stochastic Channel Model for Scattering from ISAC Targets: A Unified Measurement-Based Characterization of Robots, Humans, and Automobiles at 28 GHz
Abstract
This paper develops a channel model for scattering from a broad class of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) targets-robots, humans, and automobiles-based on a unified measurement campaign at 28~GHz. Nine targets are characterized from numerous transmitter--receiver configurations per target, spanning full bistatic and aspect angles and thus covering backward to forward scattering. Repeated acquisitions are collected for each configuration to capture target motion and dynamics, yielding nearly 117\,000 acquisitions in total. Measurements are collected with a 2~GHz-wide channel sounder equipped with a 256-element phased-array antenna, followed by digital beamforming and super-resolution processing for reliable extraction of multiple paths in delay and 2D angle, with average estimation errors of 0.1~ns and 0.2∘ respectively. From these measurements, we reduce a \emph{path-specific} channel representation in which the scattering is modeled as a cluster of paths whose center is defined by the bistatic specular \emph{geometry}; the cluster shape is described \emph{stochastically}. To ensure physically grounded spatio--temporal consistency, extracted paths are mapped to incident points on the target, each with an associated radar cross section (RCS) that is compatible with the 3GPP TR~38.901 ISAC channel model, and are subsequently mapped back to path properties for channel synthesis. The resulting statistical distributions are well behaved, physically interpretable, and consistent across targets, geometries, and motion. Comparison between measured and synthesized channel realizations demonstrates close agreement in pathloss trends and fluctuation behavior. Together, these results yield a high-fidelity, measurement-derived channel representation suitable for ISAC simulation, target modeling, and system design.
Related
- The stability landscape in wave-packet scattering: geometric rigidity and sharp Sobolev thresholds
- Stochastic Geometrically Exact Beams: Continuous-Time Geometric Principles and Variational Discretizations
- Geometric Moment Contraction for Stochastic Nesterov Acceleration
- Geometric Methods for Stochastic Dynamical Systems: A Concise Introduction
- Geometric and stochastic framework for a regularized p(x)-Laplacian
BibTeX
@misc{varshney2026pathspecific,
title = {{Path-Specific Geometric-Stochastic Channel Model for Scattering from ISAC Targets: A Unified Measurement-Based Characterization of Robots, Humans, and Automobiles at 28 GHz}},
author = {Neeraj Varshney and Jelena Senic and Jack Chuang and Samuel Berweger and Steve Blandino and Jian Wang and Camillo Gentile and Nada Golmie},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.34405},
eprint = {2610.34405},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34405},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Path-Specific Geometric-Stochastic Channel Model for Scattering from ISAC Targets: A Unified Measurement-Based Characterization of Robots, Humans, and Automobiles at 28 GHz
AU - Neeraj Varshney
AU - Jelena Senic
AU - Jack Chuang
AU - Samuel Berweger
AU - Steve Blandino
AU - Jian Wang
AU - Camillo Gentile
AU - Nada Golmie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/25
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.34405
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34405
AB - This paper develops a channel model for scattering from a broad class of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) targets-robots, humans, and automobiles-based on a unified measurement campaign at 28~GHz. Nine targets are characterized from numerous transmitter--receiver configurations per target, spanning full bistatic and aspect angles and thus covering backward to forward scattering. Repeated acquisitions are collected for each configuration to capture target motion and dynamics, yielding nearly 117\,000 acquisitions in total. Measurements are collected with a 2~GHz-wide channel sounder equipped with a 256-element phased-array antenna, followed by digital beamforming and super-resolution processing for reliable extraction of multiple paths in delay and 2D angle, with average estimation errors of 0.1~ns and 0.2^∘ respectively. From these measurements, we reduce a \emph{path-specific} channel representation in which the scattering is modeled as a cluster of paths whose center is defined by the bistatic specular \emph{geometry}; the cluster shape is described \emph{stochastically}. To ensure physically grounded spatio--temporal consistency, extracted paths are mapped to incident points on the target, each with an associated radar cross section (RCS) that is compatible with the 3GPP TR~38.901 ISAC channel model, and are subsequently mapped back to path properties for channel synthesis. The resulting statistical distributions are well behaved, physically interpretable, and consistent across targets, geometries, and motion. Comparison between measured and synthesized channel realizations demonstrates close agreement in pathloss trends and fluctuation behavior. Together, these results yield a high-fidelity, measurement-derived channel representation suitable for ISAC simulation, target modeling, and system design.
ER -