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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0mBio

mGem: Innate immune sensing of HIV-1 transcription in myeloid cells—a tale of two transcription start sites

  • Ivy K. Hughes1
  • Suryaram Gummuluru1
  1. 1Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Abstract

Suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) arrests progression to AIDS and onward viral transmission. However, viral transcription from integrated HIV-1 proviruses persists on treatment and is linked to markers of chronic immune activation, contributing to the accelerated development of comorbidities in PWH. Of particular interest are persistent responses in long-lived tissue-resident myeloid cells, which direct tissue-level inflammatory processes through cytokine secretion and interactions with other immune cell populations. Here, we review recent findings on viral nucleic acid sensing events in HIV-infected myeloid cells to shed light on possible mechanisms of persistent inflammation resulting from chronic HIV-1 transcription in myeloid cells in PWH.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hughes2026mgem,
  title = {{mGem: Innate immune sensing of HIV-1 transcription in myeloid cells—a tale of two transcription start sites}},
  author = {Ivy K. Hughes and Suryaram Gummuluru},
  journal = {mBio},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1128/mbio.03340-25},
  url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03340-25},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - mGem: Innate immune sensing of HIV-1 transcription in myeloid cells—a tale of two transcription start sites
AU  - Ivy K. Hughes
AU  - Suryaram Gummuluru
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - mBio
DO  - 10.1128/mbio.03340-25
UR  - https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03340-25
AB  - Suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) arrests progression to AIDS and onward viral transmission. However, viral transcription from integrated HIV-1 proviruses persists on treatment and is linked to markers of chronic immune activation, contributing to the accelerated development of comorbidities in PWH. Of particular interest are persistent responses in long-lived tissue-resident myeloid cells, which direct tissue-level inflammatory processes through cytokine secretion and interactions with other immune cell populations. Here, we review recent findings on viral nucleic acid sensing events in HIV-infected myeloid cells to shed light on possible mechanisms of persistent inflammation resulting from chronic HIV-1 transcription in myeloid cells in PWH.
SN  - 2150-7511
ER  -