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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0The Plant Journal

Arabidopsis thaliana BOLA proteins, new actors in plant growth and iron homeostasis

  • Maël Taupin‐Broggini1
  • Anaïs Rodriguez‐Euzet1
  • Brigitte Touraine1
  • Nathalie Berger1
  • Julie Bals1
  • Daniel Marino2
  • Christian Dubos1
  • Florence Vignols1
  1. 1IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier France
  2. 2Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Basque Center for Integrative Environmental and Human Health (EHU‐iBio) University of the Basque Country Bilbao Spain
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Abstract

SUMMARY: The universal iron–sulfur (Fe‐S) clusters embedded in proteins support numerous fundamental biological processes. However, many proteins involved in Fe‐S assembly machineries remain poorly characterized in plants. Here, we revealed that BOLA1 and BOLA4, two members of the BOLA family previously described as Fe‐S assembly factors in various organisms, are critical growth regulators that play a role in Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression analyses showed that BOLA1 and BOLA4 are ubiquitously expressed across most Arabidopsis tissues. Using protoplast transfection assays, we also demonstrated that both BOLA‐GFP fusion proteins localize to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Mutant analyses revealed that while single bola1 or bola4 knock‐out mutants are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type, double bola1 bola4 mutants display severe growth defects, including early growth arrest of the primary root. Notably, this phenotype was rescued by grafting a wild‐type root system onto the bola1 bola4 aerial part. Fe quantification, Perls staining, and RT‐qPCR analyses further demonstrated that bola1 bola4 double mutants exhibit altered Fe distribution and Fe‐homeostasis‐related gene expression. Overall, our findings show that BOLA1 and BOLA4 act redundantly to maintain primary root growth and rosette development and are essential players in Fe signaling and partitioning in Arabidopsis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{taupinbroggini2026arabidopsis,
  title = {{Arabidopsis thaliana BOLA proteins, new actors in plant growth and iron homeostasis}},
  author = {Maël Taupin‐Broggini and Anaïs Rodriguez‐Euzet and Brigitte Touraine and Nathalie Berger and Julie Bals and Daniel Marino and Christian Dubos and Florence Vignols},
  journal = {The Plant Journal},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1111/tpj.71196},
  url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05857146v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Arabidopsis thaliana BOLA proteins, new actors in plant growth and iron homeostasis
AU  - Maël Taupin‐Broggini
AU  - Anaïs Rodriguez‐Euzet
AU  - Brigitte Touraine
AU  - Nathalie Berger
AU  - Julie Bals
AU  - Daniel Marino
AU  - Christian Dubos
AU  - Florence Vignols
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/04
JO  - The Plant Journal
DO  - 10.1111/tpj.71196
UR  - https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05857146v1
AB  - SUMMARY: The universal iron–sulfur (Fe‐S) clusters embedded in proteins support numerous fundamental biological processes. However, many proteins involved in Fe‐S assembly machineries remain poorly characterized in plants. Here, we revealed that BOLA1 and BOLA4, two members of the BOLA family previously described as Fe‐S assembly factors in various organisms, are critical growth regulators that play a role in Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression analyses showed that BOLA1 and BOLA4 are ubiquitously expressed across most Arabidopsis tissues. Using protoplast transfection assays, we also demonstrated that both BOLA‐GFP fusion proteins localize to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Mutant analyses revealed that while single bola1 or bola4 knock‐out mutants are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type, double bola1 bola4 mutants display severe growth defects, including early growth arrest of the primary root. Notably, this phenotype was rescued by grafting a wild‐type root system onto the bola1 bola4 aerial part. Fe quantification, Perls staining, and RT‐qPCR analyses further demonstrated that bola1 bola4 double mutants exhibit altered Fe distribution and Fe‐homeostasis‐related gene expression. Overall, our findings show that BOLA1 and BOLA4 act redundantly to maintain primary root growth and rosette development and are essential players in Fe signaling and partitioning in Arabidopsis.
SN  - 0960-7412
SN  - 1365-313X
ER  -