Vulnerability and resilience to activity-based anorexia are not sex-dependent
- 1Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York , , ,
- 2Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York , , ,
Abstract
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is more prevalent in women than men, although rates in men are rising. Animal models can provide insight into whether this differential prevalence is rooted in biological mechanisms, but prior studies have yielded conflicting findings. Using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model, we previously demonstrated that female mice exhibit distinct vulnerable and resilient phenotypes. Here, we use this phenotypic framework to investigate sex differences in ABA susceptibility.
Methods: We tested young adult male C57BL/6N mice using the same ABA protocol used to test age-matched C57BL/6N females. Individual differences in daily bodyweight, food intake, water intake, and wheel running were analyzed and compared across sexes.
Results: Males exhibit the same vulnerable and resilient phenotypes as females, with no sex difference in the proportion of mice exhibiting each phenotype or the repertoire of behaviors characterizing them. In both sexes, vulnerable mice exhibit catastrophic weight loss that is associated with excessive light cycle running, while resilient mice exhibit weight stabilization that is associated with adaptive changes in consumption. When food is available, vulnerable mice do not run more than resilient mice, indicating that vulnerability is not characterized by a decision to run instead of eat in either sex.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there are no sex differences in ABA in C57BL/6N mice. The shared behavioral responses to starvation observed across sexes demonstrate that ABA can be used to model adaptive and maladaptive responses to food restriction in men and women.
Related
- Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: Context-Dependent resilience and vulnerability.
- GLP‐1 Receptor Agonism Exacerbates Activity‐Based Anorexia in Mice
- Financing resilience, governing vulnerability: Adaptation finance as a form of political infrastructure
- From Vulnerability to Flourishing: Genetic Sensitivity, Family Environment, and Social Support in Intergenerational Trauma and Resilience
- METTL1 gene dosage and catalytic activity define a targetable vulnerability in pediatric cancers
BibTeX
@article{zhao2026vulnerability,
title = {{Vulnerability and resilience to activity-based anorexia are not sex-dependent}},
author = {Julie Zhao and Jeff A. Beeler and Nesha S. Burghardt},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1897501},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672643},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Vulnerability and resilience to activity-based anorexia are not sex-dependent
AU - Julie Zhao
AU - Jeff A. Beeler
AU - Nesha S. Burghardt
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/02
JO - Frontiers in psychiatry
DO - 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1897501
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672643
AB - Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is more prevalent in women than men, although rates in men are rising. Animal models can provide insight into whether this differential prevalence is rooted in biological mechanisms, but prior studies have yielded conflicting findings. Using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model, we previously demonstrated that female mice exhibit distinct vulnerable and resilient phenotypes. Here, we use this phenotypic framework to investigate sex differences in ABA susceptibility. Methods: We tested young adult male C57BL/6N mice using the same ABA protocol used to test age-matched C57BL/6N females. Individual differences in daily bodyweight, food intake, water intake, and wheel running were analyzed and compared across sexes. Results: Males exhibit the same vulnerable and resilient phenotypes as females, with no sex difference in the proportion of mice exhibiting each phenotype or the repertoire of behaviors characterizing them. In both sexes, vulnerable mice exhibit catastrophic weight loss that is associated with excessive light cycle running, while resilient mice exhibit weight stabilization that is associated with adaptive changes in consumption. When food is available, vulnerable mice do not run more than resilient mice, indicating that vulnerability is not characterized by a decision to run instead of eat in either sex. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there are no sex differences in ABA in C57BL/6N mice. The shared behavioral responses to starvation observed across sexes demonstrate that ABA can be used to model adaptive and maladaptive responses to food restriction in men and women.
SN - 1664-0640
ER -