The Association of Solar Radio Bursts with Eruptive and Confined Flares
Abstract
We classify the metric radio emission associated with eruptive (CME-associated) and confined flares using the sample of events between 2010 and 2016 identified by Kazachenko (2023). We find striking differences in the occurrence of radio bursts between the two classes of flare: for soft X-ray flare sizes above M1.4, confined flares largely lack Type II (1\% association rate) and Type IV (6\%) emission. Approximately 15\% of the sample of ≥M1.4 confined flares are associated with impulsive-phase Type III bursts. On the other hand, eruptive flares are associated with Type II, Type III (both impulsive and late phase), and Type IV bursts 45-60\% of the time. The different types of radio burst are associated with different drivers (IIIs with electron beams, IIs with shocks, IVs with post-flare loops), so it is striking that the connection of all three burst types to eruptive flares is so pronounced. These results can be interpreted in terms of the reconnection topology of the principle candidate flare types, viz., reconnection between closed field lines for confined flares and X-point reconnection in a CSHKP model for eruptive flares, with interchange reconnection for jet-type flares and Type III bursts.
Versions
Related
- Type I Solar Radio Bursts Modulated by Solar Flares
- Type III radio bursts associated with jets in two solar flares
- Harmonic brightness oscillations point to magnetar giant flares in rare short gamma-ray bursts
- Harmonic brightness oscillations point to magnetar giant flares in rare short gamma-ray bursts
- Fast Radio Bursts from Monster Shocks and Flares of Inspiraling Binary Neutron Stars: A Kinetic Model for Double Pulsar
BibTeX
@misc{white2026association,
title = {{The Association of Solar Radio Bursts with Eruptive and Confined Flares}},
author = {Stephen M. White and Maria D. Kazachenko and Edward W. Cliver},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.07999},
eprint = {2609.07999},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07999},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The Association of Solar Radio Bursts with Eruptive and Confined Flares
AU - Stephen M. White
AU - Maria D. Kazachenko
AU - Edward W. Cliver
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.07999
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07999
AB - We classify the metric radio emission associated with eruptive (CME-associated) and confined flares using the sample of events between 2010 and 2016 identified by Kazachenko (2023). We find striking differences in the occurrence of radio bursts between the two classes of flare: for soft X-ray flare sizes above M1.4, confined flares largely lack Type II (1\% association rate) and Type IV (6\%) emission. Approximately 15\% of the sample of ≥M1.4 confined flares are associated with impulsive-phase Type III bursts. On the other hand, eruptive flares are associated with Type II, Type III (both impulsive and late phase), and Type IV bursts 45-60\% of the time. The different types of radio burst are associated with different drivers (IIIs with electron beams, IIs with shocks, IVs with post-flare loops), so it is striking that the connection of all three burst types to eruptive flares is so pronounced. These results can be interpreted in terms of the reconnection topology of the principle candidate flare types, viz., reconnection between closed field lines for confined flares and X-point reconnection in a CSHKP model for eruptive flares, with interchange reconnection for jet-type flares and Type III bursts.
ER -