State-level disparities and socio-demographic determinants of intention to use contraception among non-using women in South-West Nigeria
- 1Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- 2Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Abstract
Background Contraceptive intention is an important precursor to future contraceptive adoption and provides valuable insight into potential demand for family planning services. Although previous studies have examined determinants of contraceptive use and intention in Nigeria, limited evidence exists regarding state-level disparities in contraceptive intention among women who are not currently using any contraceptive method. This study examined state-level disparities and socio-demographic determinants of intention to use contraception among non-using women in South-West Nigeria. Methods This study utilized data from the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The analysis was restricted to 3,307 women aged 15–49 years residing in South-West Nigeria who were not using any contraceptive method at the time of the survey. The outcome variable was intention to use contraception, categorized as intending or not intending to use contraception in the future. Weighted descriptive statistics and survey-adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive intention and identify associated factors. Results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Overall, 32.4% of non-using women reported an intention to use contraception, while 67.6% reported no intention. Substantial state-level disparities were observed, with the prevalence of contraceptive intention ranging from 15.7% in Ondo State to 50.7% in Ekiti State. In the adjusted analysis, women residing in Ekiti were more than twice as likely to intend to use contraception compared with those in Oyo State (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.50–2.93), whereas women in Ondo had significantly lower odds of contraceptive intention (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.27–0.56). Women aged 35–39 years (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.95), 40–44 years (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.58), and 45–49 years (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.12) were less likely to intend to use contraception compared with those aged 15–19 years. Secondary education (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.15–3.44) and higher education (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.09–3.64) were associated with higher odds of contraceptive intention. Muslim women had lower odds of contraceptive intention than Christian women (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97). Higher parity, exposure to family planning messages (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.39–2.47), and fertility preferences were also significantly associated with contraceptive intention. Conclusion Approximately one-third of non-using women in South-West Nigeria intended to use contraception, with substantial disparities across states. Educational attainment, religion, parity, fertility preference, media exposure, and state of residence were significant determinants of contraceptive intention. These findings highlight the need for state-specific family planning strategies that strengthen reproductive health education, expand access to accurate family planning information, and address contextual barriers to contraceptive uptake, particularly in low-intention states.
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BibTeX
@article{otitoju2026statelevel,
title = {{State-level disparities and socio-demographic determinants of intention to use contraception among non-using women in South-West Nigeria}},
author = {Oluwatobiloba Otitoju and Jamilu Sani and Anthonia Awoniyi and Adewale Nuraen Adesina and Theophilus Oluwatosin Ajibade and Israel Boboye and Olufunmilayo Olufunmilola Banjo and Peter Olasupo Ogunjuyigbe and Luqman Adeleke Bisiriyu},
journal = {Contraception and Reproductive Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s40834-026-00473-9},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-026-00473-9},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - State-level disparities and socio-demographic determinants of intention to use contraception among non-using women in South-West Nigeria
AU - Oluwatobiloba Otitoju
AU - Jamilu Sani
AU - Anthonia Awoniyi
AU - Adewale Nuraen Adesina
AU - Theophilus Oluwatosin Ajibade
AU - Israel Boboye
AU - Olufunmilayo Olufunmilola Banjo
AU - Peter Olasupo Ogunjuyigbe
AU - Luqman Adeleke Bisiriyu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
DO - 10.1186/s40834-026-00473-9
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-026-00473-9
AB - Background Contraceptive intention is an important precursor to future contraceptive adoption and provides valuable insight into potential demand for family planning services. Although previous studies have examined determinants of contraceptive use and intention in Nigeria, limited evidence exists regarding state-level disparities in contraceptive intention among women who are not currently using any contraceptive method. This study examined state-level disparities and socio-demographic determinants of intention to use contraception among non-using women in South-West Nigeria. Methods This study utilized data from the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The analysis was restricted to 3,307 women aged 15–49 years residing in South-West Nigeria who were not using any contraceptive method at the time of the survey. The outcome variable was intention to use contraception, categorized as intending or not intending to use contraception in the future. Weighted descriptive statistics and survey-adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive intention and identify associated factors. Results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Overall, 32.4% of non-using women reported an intention to use contraception, while 67.6% reported no intention. Substantial state-level disparities were observed, with the prevalence of contraceptive intention ranging from 15.7% in Ondo State to 50.7% in Ekiti State. In the adjusted analysis, women residing in Ekiti were more than twice as likely to intend to use contraception compared with those in Oyo State (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.50–2.93), whereas women in Ondo had significantly lower odds of contraceptive intention (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.27–0.56). Women aged 35–39 years (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.95), 40–44 years (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.58), and 45–49 years (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.12) were less likely to intend to use contraception compared with those aged 15–19 years. Secondary education (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.15–3.44) and higher education (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.09–3.64) were associated with higher odds of contraceptive intention. Muslim women had lower odds of contraceptive intention than Christian women (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97). Higher parity, exposure to family planning messages (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.39–2.47), and fertility preferences were also significantly associated with contraceptive intention. Conclusion Approximately one-third of non-using women in South-West Nigeria intended to use contraception, with substantial disparities across states. Educational attainment, religion, parity, fertility preference, media exposure, and state of residence were significant determinants of contraceptive intention. These findings highlight the need for state-specific family planning strategies that strengthen reproductive health education, expand access to accurate family planning information, and address contextual barriers to contraceptive uptake, particularly in low-intention states.
SN - 2055-7426
ER -