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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDNano letters

Raman Enhancement of Molecules Sandwiched between van der Waals Materials.

  • Xielin Wang1,2
  • Nguyen Tuan Hung3
  • Shengxi Huang2,4,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States.
  2. 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States.
  3. 3Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan.
  4. 4Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005United States.
  5. 5Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States.
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Abstract

Raman enhancement has been widely observed for molecules adsorbed on van der Waals (vdW) materials including graphene, MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition-metal dichalcogenides. This enhancement is often dominated by a chemical mechanism. However, how the Raman response evolves when a molecule is sandwiched between two vdW layers remains unclear. Here, using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a probe, we compare three sandwich structures: graphene/CuPc/TiS2, graphene/CuPc/TiSe2, and graphene/CuPc/graphene, spanning asymmetric to near-symmetric dual-interface geometries. We find that adding a second interface in contact with the molecule can suppress, moderate, or enhance the Raman response of CuPc depending on the contacting material pair and vibrational symmetry. The graphene/CuPc/graphene sandwich shows stronger enhancement than single-interface CuPc/graphene, with an excitation wavelength dependence. These results show that the dual-interface Raman response is influenced by interface-dependent charge-transfer effects and increased nonradiative damping. This work provides an experimental framework for understanding Raman enhancement in molecule-sandwiched structures.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wang2026raman,
  title = {{Raman Enhancement of Molecules Sandwiched between van der Waals Materials.}},
  author = {Xielin Wang and Nguyen Tuan Hung and Shengxi Huang},
  journal = {Nano letters},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02758},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916643},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Raman Enhancement of Molecules Sandwiched between van der Waals Materials.
AU  - Xielin Wang
AU  - Nguyen Tuan Hung
AU  - Shengxi Huang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
JO  - Nano letters
DO  - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02758
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916643
AB  - Raman enhancement has been widely observed for molecules adsorbed on van der Waals (vdW) materials including graphene, MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition-metal dichalcogenides. This enhancement is often dominated by a chemical mechanism. However, how the Raman response evolves when a molecule is sandwiched between two vdW layers remains unclear. Here, using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a probe, we compare three sandwich structures: graphene/CuPc/TiS2, graphene/CuPc/TiSe2, and graphene/CuPc/graphene, spanning asymmetric to near-symmetric dual-interface geometries. We find that adding a second interface in contact with the molecule can suppress, moderate, or enhance the Raman response of CuPc depending on the contacting material pair and vibrational symmetry. The graphene/CuPc/graphene sandwich shows stronger enhancement than single-interface CuPc/graphene, with an excitation wavelength dependence. These results show that the dual-interface Raman response is influenced by interface-dependent charge-transfer effects and increased nonradiative damping. This work provides an experimental framework for understanding Raman enhancement in molecule-sandwiched structures.
SN  - 1530-6984
SN  - 1530-6992
ER  -