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Peer-reviewedCC BYNational science review

High Young's modulus NaF coating on bulk Sn: mechanical confinement effect drives durable sodium storage by alleviating (de)sodiation stress.

  • Huiqian Xiong1
  • Benchi Li1
  • Jianing Wang1
  • Yanxia Wang1
  • Zhaoyu Rong2
  • Yakun Tang3
  • Yue Zhang3
  • Yongjin Fang1
  • Zhongxue Chen4
  • Jianyu Huang2
  • Yuliang Cao1,3,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
  2. 2Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
  3. 3State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
  4. 4School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
  5. 5Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbon-neutrality Efforts, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Abstract

Sn has emerged as a promising anode material for next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, the high volumetric expansion of Sn anode upon sodiation generates significant internal stress, which leads to particle cracking, pulverization and electrode failure. Herein, we report a novel and facile approach to in situ coat a sodium fluoride (NaF) layer on bulk Sn particles via a solution supersaturation route. The high Young's modulus of the NaF coating enables a strong mechanical confinement effect, which effectively suppresses the volume expansion and mechanical stress of Sn. Additionally, the NaF coating promotes the formation of a thin, uniform and dense solid electrolyte interphase film, thereby resulting in a significantly improved Coulombic efficiency. The designed Sn@NaF anode exhibits remarkable cycling stability and low-temperature adaptability in both half cell and full cell. These results highlight the great potential of the Sn@NaF anode for high-energy-density SIBs.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xiong2026high,
  title = {{High Young's modulus NaF coating on bulk Sn: mechanical confinement effect drives durable sodium storage by alleviating (de)sodiation stress.}},
  author = {Huiqian Xiong and Benchi Li and Jianing Wang and Yanxia Wang and Zhaoyu Rong and Yakun Tang and Yue Zhang and Yongjin Fang and Zhongxue Chen and Jianyu Huang and Yuliang Cao},
  journal = {National science review},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1093/nsr/nwag428},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953712},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - High Young's modulus NaF coating on bulk Sn: mechanical confinement effect drives durable sodium storage by alleviating (de)sodiation stress.
AU  - Huiqian Xiong
AU  - Benchi Li
AU  - Jianing Wang
AU  - Yanxia Wang
AU  - Zhaoyu Rong
AU  - Yakun Tang
AU  - Yue Zhang
AU  - Yongjin Fang
AU  - Zhongxue Chen
AU  - Jianyu Huang
AU  - Yuliang Cao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/11
JO  - National science review
DO  - 10.1093/nsr/nwag428
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953712
AB  - Sn has emerged as a promising anode material for next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, the high volumetric expansion of Sn anode upon sodiation generates significant internal stress, which leads to particle cracking, pulverization and electrode failure. Herein, we report a novel and facile approach to in situ coat a sodium fluoride (NaF) layer on bulk Sn particles via a solution supersaturation route. The high Young's modulus of the NaF coating enables a strong mechanical confinement effect, which effectively suppresses the volume expansion and mechanical stress of Sn. Additionally, the NaF coating promotes the formation of a thin, uniform and dense solid electrolyte interphase film, thereby resulting in a significantly improved Coulombic efficiency. The designed Sn@NaF anode exhibits remarkable cycling stability and low-temperature adaptability in both half cell and full cell. These results highlight the great potential of the Sn@NaF anode for high-energy-density SIBs.
SN  - 2095-5138
SN  - 2053-714X
ER  -