Statistical Mechanics of Spike Trains: Self-Consistent Activity Ensembles and Phase Transitions
Abstract
We introduce a statistical-mechanical framework for spiking neuronal systems in which entire spike trains, defined as spatiotemporal configurations of discrete events, are treated as microstates of the system. Instead of modeling explicit network dynamics, we construct an ensemble over complete spike histories and assign to each configuration an effective energy functional that quantifies its consistency with intrinsic synaptic interactions. This formulation leads to a Boltzmann-like distribution over spike configurations, where an effective temperature captures the influence of external inputs acting as a stochastic drive. Macroscopic states are described in terms of coarse-grained observables, such as population firing-rate densities, and arise from a competition between energetic contributions favoring interaction-consistent spike patterns and entropic contributions favoring spatio-temporal disorder. Within this framework, we primarily characterize the transition between oscillatory and non-oscillatory activity. The non-oscillatory regime contains both broadly distributed, approximately uniform states and temporally localized collapsed states, whereas the oscillatory regime is characterized by repeated activity peaks. These regimes are diagnosed using order parameters derived from the population spike-rate density, including its entropy, temporal localization measures, and autocorrelation-based indicators. To complement the analytical treatment, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that sample the ensemble of admissible spike configurations using a Metropolis-Hastings scheme defined directly on spike trains. The simulations reveal the emergence of the predicted macroscopic regimes and provide a direct sampling-based probe of the free-energy landscape.
Related
- Statistical mechanics of spontaneous behavior
- The dual trxG/PcG protein ULTRAPETALA1 modulates H3K27me3 and directly enhances POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 activity for fine-tuned reproductive transitions
- Statistical optimization of melanin-like pigment biosynthesis by marine Streptomyces isolate MOE3 and evaluation of its cytotoxic activity against A-431 cells.
- Thermodynamic and Statistical Signatures of Modality Changes in Concentration Distributions Driven by Stochastic Switching Between Two Activity States
- Expanding Hippocampal Ensembles through LINE-1 RNA Downregulation Enhances Cognition
BibTeX
@misc{pyrzowski2026statistical,
title = {{Statistical Mechanics of Spike Trains: Self-Consistent Activity Ensembles and Phase Transitions}},
author = {Jan Pyrzowski and Laura Messio and Guillaume Marrelec and Marcin Markiewicz},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20971},
eprint = {2610.20971},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20971},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Statistical Mechanics of Spike Trains: Self-Consistent Activity Ensembles and Phase Transitions
AU - Jan Pyrzowski
AU - Laura Messio
AU - Guillaume Marrelec
AU - Marcin Markiewicz
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20971
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20971
AB - We introduce a statistical-mechanical framework for spiking neuronal systems in which entire spike trains, defined as spatiotemporal configurations of discrete events, are treated as microstates of the system. Instead of modeling explicit network dynamics, we construct an ensemble over complete spike histories and assign to each configuration an effective energy functional that quantifies its consistency with intrinsic synaptic interactions. This formulation leads to a Boltzmann-like distribution over spike configurations, where an effective temperature captures the influence of external inputs acting as a stochastic drive. Macroscopic states are described in terms of coarse-grained observables, such as population firing-rate densities, and arise from a competition between energetic contributions favoring interaction-consistent spike patterns and entropic contributions favoring spatio-temporal disorder. Within this framework, we primarily characterize the transition between oscillatory and non-oscillatory activity. The non-oscillatory regime contains both broadly distributed, approximately uniform states and temporally localized collapsed states, whereas the oscillatory regime is characterized by repeated activity peaks. These regimes are diagnosed using order parameters derived from the population spike-rate density, including its entropy, temporal localization measures, and autocorrelation-based indicators. To complement the analytical treatment, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that sample the ensemble of admissible spike configurations using a Metropolis-Hastings scheme defined directly on spike trains. The simulations reveal the emergence of the predicted macroscopic regimes and provide a direct sampling-based probe of the free-energy landscape.
ER -