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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Medicine

Prognostic impact of positive peritoneal washing cytology in surgically treated cervical cancer

  • Qianwen Zhang1
  • Xiaoqin Li2
  • Qi Wang1
  • Zhiqian Lin1
  • Tao Wang2,3
  1. 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
  2. 2Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
  3. 3Translational Medicine Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Abstract

Positive peritoneal washing cytology is an uncommon but potentially clinically relevant finding in cervical cancer. This retrospective cohort study evaluated its association with recurrence, survival, and metastasis-related biomarkers in patients undergoing open surgery for cervical cancer between 2018 and 2023. A total of 120 patients were classified as peritoneal washing cytology-positive (n = 32) or cytology-negative (n = 88). Baseline clinicopathological characteristics were broadly comparable between groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated poorer survival among patients with positive cytology. The estimated 5-year overall survival was 43.7% (95% CI, 26.8–59.4%) in the cytology-positive group and 67.9% (95% CI, 55.2–77.8%) in the cytology-negative group, whereas the corresponding 5-year progression-free survival estimates were 36.5% (95% CI, 20.5–52.6%) and 62.4% (95% CI, 49.8–72.8%), respectively. Recurrence was more frequent among cytology-positive patients, particularly distant-organ recurrence. Serum VEGF and tissue MMP-9 levels were higher in the cytology-positive group. In multivariable analysis, positive peritoneal washing cytology remained associated with poorer overall survival after adjustment for selected clinicopathological variables. A combined VEGF/MMP-9 model showed exploratory discrimination for lymph-node metastasis, although the model requires internal and external validation. These findings suggest that positive peritoneal washing cytology may identify a subgroup with adverse outcomes after surgery, but prospective and externally validated studies are required before clinical application.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026prognostic,
  title = {{Prognostic impact of positive peritoneal washing cytology in surgically treated cervical cancer}},
  author = {Qianwen Zhang and Xiaoqin Li and Qi Wang and Zhiqian Lin and Tao Wang},
  journal = {Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1097/md.0000000000051356},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051356},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prognostic impact of positive peritoneal washing cytology in surgically treated cervical cancer
AU  - Qianwen Zhang
AU  - Xiaoqin Li
AU  - Qi Wang
AU  - Zhiqian Lin
AU  - Tao Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/06
JO  - Medicine
DO  - 10.1097/md.0000000000051356
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051356
AB  - Positive peritoneal washing cytology is an uncommon but potentially clinically relevant finding in cervical cancer. This retrospective cohort study evaluated its association with recurrence, survival, and metastasis-related biomarkers in patients undergoing open surgery for cervical cancer between 2018 and 2023. A total of 120 patients were classified as peritoneal washing cytology-positive (n = 32) or cytology-negative (n = 88). Baseline clinicopathological characteristics were broadly comparable between groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated poorer survival among patients with positive cytology. The estimated 5-year overall survival was 43.7% (95% CI, 26.8–59.4%) in the cytology-positive group and 67.9% (95% CI, 55.2–77.8%) in the cytology-negative group, whereas the corresponding 5-year progression-free survival estimates were 36.5% (95% CI, 20.5–52.6%) and 62.4% (95% CI, 49.8–72.8%), respectively. Recurrence was more frequent among cytology-positive patients, particularly distant-organ recurrence. Serum VEGF and tissue MMP-9 levels were higher in the cytology-positive group. In multivariable analysis, positive peritoneal washing cytology remained associated with poorer overall survival after adjustment for selected clinicopathological variables. A combined VEGF/MMP-9 model showed exploratory discrimination for lymph-node metastasis, although the model requires internal and external validation. These findings suggest that positive peritoneal washing cytology may identify a subgroup with adverse outcomes after surgery, but prospective and externally validated studies are required before clinical application.
SN  - 0025-7974
SN  - 1536-5964
ER  -