Design and beam-test characterization of the CRILIN semi-homogeneous crystal calorimeter
Abstract
CRILIN is a high-granularity semi-homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on longitudinally segmented PbF2 crystal matrices read out by UV-extended silicon photomultipliers. The concept combines fast Cherenkov response, fine transverse granularity, longitudinal shower information, and radiation tolerance for future lepton-collider experiments. This paper reports the construction of a large-area prototype and its performance measured in beam tests at the CERN SPS. The detector comprises five 7×7 PbF2 crystal matrices, has a depth of about 22X0, and is read out by four 3×3 mm2 SiPMs per crystal integrated in a single electronic channel. Electron data between 10 and 120~GeV and dedicated 150~GeV muon data were used to characterize the detector response. A time resolution below 50~ps is achieved for electron energies above 10~GeV, reaching values below 20~ps above 60~GeV. The energy resolution is described by a stochastic term of (6.58±0.04)%/√(E/GeV) and a constant term of (0.23±0.02)%, with an additional noise contribution fixed from pedestal data. The longitudinal segmentation enables event-by-event corrections based on the reconstructed shower development, resulting in a significant improvement of the energy resolution. A light yield of approximately 0.54~photoelectrons/MeV is measured consistently using both electron showers and minimum-ionizing particles. A Geant4-based simulation incorporating the relevant experimental effects reproduces the measured energy resolution. These results validate the CRILIN architecture as a compact, fast, and longitudinally segmented electromagnetic calorimeter for future collider experiments.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{ceravolo2026design,
title = {{Design and beam-test characterization of the CRILIN semi-homogeneous crystal calorimeter}},
author = {S. Ceravolo and M. Cavallina and V. Ciccarella and E. Di Meco and E. Diociaiuti and R. Gargiulo and Q. Han and E. Leonardi and D. Lucchesi and M. Moulson and L. Palombini and N. Pastrone and I. Raghib and A. Russo and A. Saputi and I. Sarra and S. Salamino and L. Sestini and S. Squerzanti and D. Zuliani},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.28477},
eprint = {2607.28477},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28477},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Design and beam-test characterization of the CRILIN semi-homogeneous crystal calorimeter
AU - S. Ceravolo
AU - M. Cavallina
AU - V. Ciccarella
AU - E. Di Meco
AU - E. Diociaiuti
AU - R. Gargiulo
AU - Q. Han
AU - E. Leonardi
AU - D. Lucchesi
AU - M. Moulson
AU - L. Palombini
AU - N. Pastrone
AU - I. Raghib
AU - A. Russo
AU - A. Saputi
AU - I. Sarra
AU - S. Salamino
AU - L. Sestini
AU - S. Squerzanti
AU - D. Zuliani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.28477
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28477
AB - CRILIN is a high-granularity semi-homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on longitudinally segmented PbF_2 crystal matrices read out by UV-extended silicon photomultipliers. The concept combines fast Cherenkov response, fine transverse granularity, longitudinal shower information, and radiation tolerance for future lepton-collider experiments. This paper reports the construction of a large-area prototype and its performance measured in beam tests at the CERN SPS. The detector comprises five 7×7 PbF_2 crystal matrices, has a depth of about 22X_0, and is read out by four 3×3 mm^2 SiPMs per crystal integrated in a single electronic channel. Electron data between 10 and 120~GeV and dedicated 150~GeV muon data were used to characterize the detector response. A time resolution below 50~ps is achieved for electron energies above 10~GeV, reaching values below 20~ps above 60~GeV. The energy resolution is described by a stochastic term of (6.58±0.04)%/√(E/GeV) and a constant term of (0.23±0.02)%, with an additional noise contribution fixed from pedestal data. The longitudinal segmentation enables event-by-event corrections based on the reconstructed shower development, resulting in a significant improvement of the energy resolution. A light yield of approximately 0.54~photoelectrons/MeV is measured consistently using both electron showers and minimum-ionizing particles. A Geant4-based simulation incorporating the relevant experimental effects reproduces the measured energy resolution. These results validate the CRILIN architecture as a compact, fast, and longitudinally segmented electromagnetic calorimeter for future collider experiments.
ER -