The transverse matter Hamiltonian
Abstract
Enrico Fermi in 1932 used classical Gauss equation to derive the Coulomb density--density interaction from the longitudinal electromagnetic potential. In this work we extend the Fermi procedure to the transverse component of the vector potential. By using a fully quantum canonical transformation, we replace the transverse vector potential with a current--current and current--current--density interactions. The transformed Hamiltonian is, then, projected in the fermionic space providing a matter--only, totally incoherent and gauge respecting Hamiltonian. The removal of coherence will avoid the breakdown of perturbation theory predicted by Haag's theorem, and make possible to introduce, in the transformed space, the diagrammatic approach. After discussing the implications of the transverse interactions on the current theories based on the Fermi procedure, we conclude by showing how the transverse Hamiltonian provides the quantum origin of the electromagnetic longitudinal--transverse splitting of phonons and other elemental excitations.
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BibTeX
@misc{marini2026transverse,
title = {{The transverse matter Hamiltonian}},
author = {Andrea Marini and Kai Wu and Riccardo Reho},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.21211},
eprint = {2608.21211},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21211},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The transverse matter Hamiltonian
AU - Andrea Marini
AU - Kai Wu
AU - Riccardo Reho
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.21211
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21211
AB - Enrico Fermi in 1932 used classical Gauss equation to derive the Coulomb density--density interaction from the longitudinal electromagnetic potential. In this work we extend the Fermi procedure to the transverse component of the vector potential. By using a fully quantum canonical transformation, we replace the transverse vector potential with a current--current and current--current--density interactions. The transformed Hamiltonian is, then, projected in the fermionic space providing a matter--only, totally incoherent and gauge respecting Hamiltonian. The removal of coherence will avoid the breakdown of perturbation theory predicted by Haag's theorem, and make possible to introduce, in the transformed space, the diagrammatic approach. After discussing the implications of the transverse interactions on the current theories based on the Fermi procedure, we conclude by showing how the transverse Hamiltonian provides the quantum origin of the electromagnetic longitudinal--transverse splitting of phonons and other elemental excitations.
ER -