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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0ACS Omega

Hydrodynamic Studies of Cocrystal under Nonsink Dissolution on Orbital Shaker

  • Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia1
  • Diana Schon Lopes1
  • Larissa Sakis Bernardi1
  • Ricardo Vinícius Bubna Biscaia2
  • Luiz Adolfo Hegele3
  • Mostafa Abdelhafiz4
  • Paulo Renato de Oliveira1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Graduation , , , ,
  2. 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná─Campus Guarapuava , , ,
  3. 3Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina , , , ,
  4. 4Technische Universität Clausthal , ,
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Abstract

The dissolution behavior of pharmaceutical cocrystals, particularly under nonsink conditions, is influenced by operational parameters such as Erlenmeyer flask size and rotation speed. This study investigates the hydrodynamic impacts of these variables on the dissolution of lamotrigine-nicotinamide (LAM-NIC) cocrystals using experimental and computational approaches. Dissolution experiments were conducted in orbital shakers with 125 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at 50, 100, and 150 rpm. The results showed that the Erlenmeyer flask size and rotation speed significantly affect the dissolution profile, with the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 100 rpm providing the most favorable conditions among those investigated for revealing the supersaturated state. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations modeled the fluid dynamics within the flasks, providing insights into the velocity and strain rate profiles under different conditions. A higher tangential velocity and strain rate at 100 rpm correlated with enhanced cocrystal dissolution in the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, whereas the smaller flask showed a limited variation across rotation speeds. These findings emphasize the importance of hydrodynamic conditions in dissolution studies and support the development of standardized methodologies for assessing cocrystal performance under nonsink conditions. This research contributes to optimizing the design of supersaturating drug delivery systems and understanding the interplay between the hydrodynamics and cocrystal behavior.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{biscaia2026hydrodynamic,
  title = {{Hydrodynamic Studies of Cocrystal under Nonsink Dissolution on Orbital Shaker}},
  author = {Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia and Diana Schon Lopes and Larissa Sakis Bernardi and Ricardo Vinícius Bubna Biscaia and Luiz Adolfo Hegele and Mostafa Abdelhafiz and Paulo Renato de Oliveira},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c08209},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08209/5458883/Hydrodynamic-Studies-of-Cocrystal-under-Nonsink},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hydrodynamic Studies of Cocrystal under Nonsink Dissolution on Orbital Shaker
AU  - Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia
AU  - Diana Schon Lopes
AU  - Larissa Sakis Bernardi
AU  - Ricardo Vinícius Bubna Biscaia
AU  - Luiz Adolfo Hegele
AU  - Mostafa Abdelhafiz
AU  - Paulo Renato de Oliveira
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c08209
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08209/5458883/Hydrodynamic-Studies-of-Cocrystal-under-Nonsink
AB  - The dissolution behavior of pharmaceutical cocrystals, particularly under nonsink conditions, is influenced by operational parameters such as Erlenmeyer flask size and rotation speed. This study investigates the hydrodynamic impacts of these variables on the dissolution of lamotrigine-nicotinamide (LAM-NIC) cocrystals using experimental and computational approaches. Dissolution experiments were conducted in orbital shakers with 125 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at 50, 100, and 150 rpm. The results showed that the Erlenmeyer flask size and rotation speed significantly affect the dissolution profile, with the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 100 rpm providing the most favorable conditions among those investigated for revealing the supersaturated state. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations modeled the fluid dynamics within the flasks, providing insights into the velocity and strain rate profiles under different conditions. A higher tangential velocity and strain rate at 100 rpm correlated with enhanced cocrystal dissolution in the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, whereas the smaller flask showed a limited variation across rotation speeds. These findings emphasize the importance of hydrodynamic conditions in dissolution studies and support the development of standardized methodologies for assessing cocrystal performance under nonsink conditions. This research contributes to optimizing the design of supersaturating drug delivery systems and understanding the interplay between the hydrodynamics and cocrystal behavior.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -