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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Cancers

Appetite Loss in Metastatic Cancer: Insights from Clinical and Inflammatory Markers Observed Longitudinally

  • Ragnhild Habberstad1,2
  • Ola Magne Vagnildhaug1,2
  • Trude Rakel Balstad1,2,3
  • Øyvind Salvesen4
  • Erik Torbjørn Løhre1,2
  • Asta Bye5,6
  • Olav Dajani6,7
  • Nina Aass6,7
  • Stein Kaasa6,7
  • Pål Klepstad8,9
  • Tora S. Solheim1,2
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
  2. 2Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital-Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
  3. 3Department of Clinical Medicine, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
  4. 4Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
  5. 5Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
  6. 6European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
  7. 7Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
  8. 8Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
  9. 9Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital-Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract

Background: Inflammation is suggested to play a central role in cancer-related appetite loss, yet the available evidence remains limited. Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of patients with metastatic cancer followed for one year. The longitudinal associations between appetite loss and both clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers were examined. Logistic generalized equation model (GEE) was used. Results: Among 526 patients, 299 (57%) experienced appetite loss at baseline. During longitudinal observation appetite loss was associated with older age (OR 1.19, CI 1.01–1.39 as per 10-year years increase), poorer performance status (OR 0.85, CI 0.77–0.94), recent weight loss (OR 2.74, CI 2.11–3.56), and symptoms including constipation, nausea, fatigue, and lower emotional functioning. Corticosteroid use was associated with lower risk of appetite loss (OR 0.69, CI 0.53–0.90). Several inflammatory markers were also associated with appetite loss, including IL-8, IP-10, IL-6, CRP, eotaxin, albumin. Conclusions: Appetite loss in metastatic cancer is linked to clinical factors, symptom burden, and inflammatory markers. Optimizing symptom management and targeting inflammation might have a positive impact.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{habberstad2026appetite,
  title = {{Appetite Loss in Metastatic Cancer: Insights from Clinical and Inflammatory Markers Observed Longitudinally}},
  author = {Ragnhild Habberstad and Ola Magne Vagnildhaug and Trude Rakel Balstad and Øyvind Salvesen and Erik Torbjørn Løhre and Asta Bye and Olav Dajani and Nina Aass and Stein Kaasa and Pål Klepstad and Tora S. Solheim},
  journal = {Cancers},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/cancers18203407},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3407},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Appetite Loss in Metastatic Cancer: Insights from Clinical and Inflammatory Markers Observed Longitudinally
AU  - Ragnhild Habberstad
AU  - Ola Magne Vagnildhaug
AU  - Trude Rakel Balstad
AU  - Øyvind Salvesen
AU  - Erik Torbjørn Løhre
AU  - Asta Bye
AU  - Olav Dajani
AU  - Nina Aass
AU  - Stein Kaasa
AU  - Pål Klepstad
AU  - Tora S. Solheim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Cancers
DO  - 10.3390/cancers18203407
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3407
AB  - Background: Inflammation is suggested to play a central role in cancer-related appetite loss, yet the available evidence remains limited. Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of patients with metastatic cancer followed for one year. The longitudinal associations between appetite loss and both clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers were examined. Logistic generalized equation model (GEE) was used. Results: Among 526 patients, 299 (57%) experienced appetite loss at baseline. During longitudinal observation appetite loss was associated with older age (OR 1.19, CI 1.01–1.39 as per 10-year years increase), poorer performance status (OR 0.85, CI 0.77–0.94), recent weight loss (OR 2.74, CI 2.11–3.56), and symptoms including constipation, nausea, fatigue, and lower emotional functioning. Corticosteroid use was associated with lower risk of appetite loss (OR 0.69, CI 0.53–0.90). Several inflammatory markers were also associated with appetite loss, including IL-8, IP-10, IL-6, CRP, eotaxin, albumin. Conclusions: Appetite loss in metastatic cancer is linked to clinical factors, symptom burden, and inflammatory markers. Optimizing symptom management and targeting inflammation might have a positive impact.
SN  - 2072-6694
ER  -