Hydrogen Thermodiffusion in Tungsten: Trapped Hydrogen Distorts Heat of Transport Estimation from Total Concentration Profiles
Abstract
We investigate hydrogen diffusion in tungsten under thermal gradients in the presence of trapping sites using multiscale simulations. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the heat of transport, which quantifies the coupling between temperature gradients and hydrogen transport, for hydrogen in tungsten is positive (thermophobic) at lower temperatures but changes sign near $1000$ K. We investigate the origin of the heat of transport and find that harmonic transition state theory with elastic thermal-expansion corrections is insufficient to explain the observed behaviour, consistent with either a breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium or non-negligible anharmonic contributions. We further extend previous studies of hydrogen thermodiffusion by including the effect of trapping sites in both simulations and analytical models. We show that when trapped hydrogen accounts for a significant fraction of the total hydrogen concentration, the heat of transport inferred from measurements of the total concentration is dominated by the temperature dependence of the trapped hydrogen population and no longer reflects the gradient in the mobile hydrogen concentration. Consequently, experimentally measured heats of transport cannot in general be used directly in continuum-scale models that explicitly account for trapping and detrapping. In such models, the heat of transport should be based on mobile hydrogen concentrations only to avoid incorporating trapping effects twice.
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BibTeX
@misc{jantunen2026hydrogen,
title = {{Hydrogen Thermodiffusion in Tungsten: Trapped Hydrogen Distorts Heat of Transport Estimation from Total Concentration Profiles}},
author = {Ville Jantunen and Daniel R. Mason and Sanjeet Kaur},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.11702},
eprint = {2611.11702},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.11702},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hydrogen Thermodiffusion in Tungsten: Trapped Hydrogen Distorts Heat of Transport Estimation from Total Concentration Profiles
AU - Ville Jantunen
AU - Daniel R. Mason
AU - Sanjeet Kaur
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.11702
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.11702
AB - We investigate hydrogen diffusion in tungsten under thermal gradients in the presence of trapping sites using multiscale simulations. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the heat of transport, which quantifies the coupling between temperature gradients and hydrogen transport, for hydrogen in tungsten is positive (thermophobic) at lower temperatures but changes sign near $1000$ K. We investigate the origin of the heat of transport and find that harmonic transition state theory with elastic thermal-expansion corrections is insufficient to explain the observed behaviour, consistent with either a breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium or non-negligible anharmonic contributions. We further extend previous studies of hydrogen thermodiffusion by including the effect of trapping sites in both simulations and analytical models. We show that when trapped hydrogen accounts for a significant fraction of the total hydrogen concentration, the heat of transport inferred from measurements of the total concentration is dominated by the temperature dependence of the trapped hydrogen population and no longer reflects the gradient in the mobile hydrogen concentration. Consequently, experimentally measured heats of transport cannot in general be used directly in continuum-scale models that explicitly account for trapping and detrapping. In such models, the heat of transport should be based on mobile hydrogen concentrations only to avoid incorporating trapping effects twice.
ER -