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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Clinical Medicine

Dynamics of Hospitalization and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in a Large Hospital

  • Yasmin Maor1,2
  • Roni Amir1
  • Guy Rom1
  • Lior Shlomov1
  • Assaf Croll2
  • Orna Schwartz3
  • Debby Ben-David2,4
  • Iris Zohar1,2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Infectious Disease Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel
  2. 2Internal Medicine, Gray School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
  3. 3Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel
  4. 4Infection Control Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel
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Abstract

Purpose: Epidemiology data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Middle East is scarce. We describe hospitalization dynamics and outcomes across these viruses in hospitalized adults. Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in a 700-bed hospital in Israel. All hospitalized adults who tested positive for COVID-19, influenza, or RSV between 1 September 2023 and 31 August 2025 were included. Logistic regression models assessed variables associated with mortality. Results: Included were 2201 mono-infected adults (938 COVID-19, 1073 influenza, 190 RSV). COVID-19 demonstrated year-round distribution, whereas influenza and RSV showed seasonality. Invasive ventilation rates were 9.0%, 9.5% and 10.0% in COVID-19, influenza, and RSV patients, respectively. Rates of pneumonia after adjustment were more frequent with influenza. Unadjusted 30- and 90-day mortality were 17.3% and 22.7% for COVID-19, 10.7% and 13.1% for influenza and 18.4% and 21.6% for RSV. In multivariable models, virus type was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality, whereas age, male sex and Charlson comorbidity score were. Conclusions: Influenza and RSV exhibit distinct seasonality, whereas COVID-19 persists year-round, with periodic peaks. Mortality was substantial with all three viruses. These findings add to the understanding of respiratory viruses and support vaccination of older and comorbid adults against all three viruses.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{maor2026dynamics,
  title = {{Dynamics of Hospitalization and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in a Large Hospital}},
  author = {Yasmin Maor and Roni Amir and Guy Rom and Lior Shlomov and Assaf Croll and Orna Schwartz and Debby Ben-David and Iris Zohar},
  journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/jcm15218483},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8483},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dynamics of Hospitalization and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in a Large Hospital
AU  - Yasmin Maor
AU  - Roni Amir
AU  - Guy Rom
AU  - Lior Shlomov
AU  - Assaf Croll
AU  - Orna Schwartz
AU  - Debby Ben-David
AU  - Iris Zohar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/31
JO  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
DO  - 10.3390/jcm15218483
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8483
AB  - Purpose: Epidemiology data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Middle East is scarce. We describe hospitalization dynamics and outcomes across these viruses in hospitalized adults. Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in a 700-bed hospital in Israel. All hospitalized adults who tested positive for COVID-19, influenza, or RSV between 1 September 2023 and 31 August 2025 were included. Logistic regression models assessed variables associated with mortality. Results: Included were 2201 mono-infected adults (938 COVID-19, 1073 influenza, 190 RSV). COVID-19 demonstrated year-round distribution, whereas influenza and RSV showed seasonality. Invasive ventilation rates were 9.0%, 9.5% and 10.0% in COVID-19, influenza, and RSV patients, respectively. Rates of pneumonia after adjustment were more frequent with influenza. Unadjusted 30- and 90-day mortality were 17.3% and 22.7% for COVID-19, 10.7% and 13.1% for influenza and 18.4% and 21.6% for RSV. In multivariable models, virus type was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality, whereas age, male sex and Charlson comorbidity score were. Conclusions: Influenza and RSV exhibit distinct seasonality, whereas COVID-19 persists year-round, with periodic peaks. Mortality was substantial with all three viruses. These findings add to the understanding of respiratory viruses and support vaccination of older and comorbid adults against all three viruses.
SN  - 2077-0383
ER  -