Projected sensitivity of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate comagnetometer to proton monopole-dipole interactions
Abstract
Light spin-zero bosons with scalar and pseudoscalar couplings mediate a parity- and time-reversal-violating monopole-dipole interaction between unpolarized matter and polarized spins. For proton spins, the interaction has been probed directly only at ranges λ≳ 5 mm; below this range, laboratory limits are inferred from neutron-dominated nuclei through nuclear-spin models. We analyze a direct search with a single-domain 87Rb spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in close proximity to a source mass. The F=1 and F=2 manifolds act as two co-located magnetometers that precess in opposite directions in a magnetic field but in the same direction under the exotic interaction. They thus form a natural comagnetometer, in which the sum of their precession angles suppresses field noise by a measured 44 dB and a weighted sum cancels the field altogether. Taking as a starting point the demonstrated magnetometry [Palacios et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. \textbf{119}, e2115339119 (2022)] and comagnetometry [Gomez et al. Phys. Ref. Lett. \textbf{124}, 170401 (2020)] performance of the 87Rb single-domain spinor condensate at ICFO [Palacios et al. New J. Phys. \textbf{20}, 053008 (2018)], we study the projected sensitivity as a function of source-mass geometry and in-progress improvements to atom loading methods, trap beam geometry, and magnetic environment. With an insulating bismuth germanate source mass with a spherical top, whose apex sits 50 μm below the center of the condensate, one week of acquisition would reach |gsN gpp|≈ 2×10−22 with these upgrades and 3×10−24 at the projection-noise limit (λ=100 μm, 95\% C.L.). This is more than three and five orders of magnitude below existing laboratory limits. The improvement covers boson masses of 0.3-50 meV/c2 after the upgrades and 0.09-70 meV/c2 at the projection-noise limit.
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BibTeX
@misc{zhou2026projected,
title = {{Projected sensitivity of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate comagnetometer to proton monopole-dipole interactions}},
author = {Wenjing Zhou and Diego Blas and Morgan W. Mitchell},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.22346},
eprint = {2610.22346},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22346},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Projected sensitivity of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate comagnetometer to proton monopole-dipole interactions
AU - Wenjing Zhou
AU - Diego Blas
AU - Morgan W. Mitchell
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.22346
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22346
AB - Light spin-zero bosons with scalar and pseudoscalar couplings mediate a parity- and time-reversal-violating monopole-dipole interaction between unpolarized matter and polarized spins. For proton spins, the interaction has been probed directly only at ranges λ≳ 5 mm; below this range, laboratory limits are inferred from neutron-dominated nuclei through nuclear-spin models. We analyze a direct search with a single-domain ^87Rb spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in close proximity to a source mass. The F=1 and F=2 manifolds act as two co-located magnetometers that precess in opposite directions in a magnetic field but in the same direction under the exotic interaction. They thus form a natural comagnetometer, in which the sum of their precession angles suppresses field noise by a measured 44 dB and a weighted sum cancels the field altogether. Taking as a starting point the demonstrated magnetometry [Palacios et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. \textbf{119}, e2115339119 (2022)] and comagnetometry [Gomez et al. Phys. Ref. Lett. \textbf{124}, 170401 (2020)] performance of the ^87Rb single-domain spinor condensate at ICFO [Palacios et al. New J. Phys. \textbf{20}, 053008 (2018)], we study the projected sensitivity as a function of source-mass geometry and in-progress improvements to atom loading methods, trap beam geometry, and magnetic environment. With an insulating bismuth germanate source mass with a spherical top, whose apex sits 50 μm below the center of the condensate, one week of acquisition would reach |g_s^N g_p^p|≈ 2×10^−22 with these upgrades and 3×10^−24 at the projection-noise limit (λ=100 μm, 95\% C.L.). This is more than three and five orders of magnitude below existing laboratory limits. The improvement covers boson masses of 0.3-50 meV/c^2 after the upgrades and 0.09-70 meV/c^2 at the projection-noise limit.
ER -