DistFlow and Its Conic Relaxation: Regularity, Monotonicity, and Hybrid Exactness via Graph Decomposition
Abstract
Classical exactness conditions for conic relaxations of the DistFlow model rely, among other assumptions, either on all nodal injections being adjustable or on a network-wide path condition. In practice, these conditions may not hold uniformly across a feeder: controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) sit at some buses and fixed loads at others, while reverse flows from DER-rich regions can violate the path condition. This paper certifies exactness region by region and composes the regional certificates, accounting for perturbations that propagate downstream through voltages. We first introduce a subtree voltage stability region, in which the network and all compatible subtrees remain regular. Within it, two endpoint sign conditions, one relaxing the nonnegative-flow assumption and one implied by the classical path condition, yield monotone responses of voltages, currents, and losses to root voltages. Using duality, the implicit function theorem, and sign properties of inverse sensitivity matrices, we recast both classical arguments as individual sign certificates on branch multipliers. This turns exactness into a branchwise property that can be certified region by region. A partition rule then splits the network into dispatchable and passive subtrees, and a hybrid certificate combines their local conditions into exactness of the full-network relaxation, under additional operating-limit and objective conditions. In particular, placing controllable DERs at both ends of a branch with large reverse flow exempts that branch from the passive sign conditions.
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BibTeX
@misc{dai2026distflow,
title = {{DistFlow and Its Conic Relaxation: Regularity, Monotonicity, and Hybrid Exactness via Graph Decomposition}},
author = {Xinliang Dai},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41220},
eprint = {2610.41220},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41220},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - DistFlow and Its Conic Relaxation: Regularity, Monotonicity, and Hybrid Exactness via Graph Decomposition
AU - Xinliang Dai
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41220
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41220
AB - Classical exactness conditions for conic relaxations of the DistFlow model rely, among other assumptions, either on all nodal injections being adjustable or on a network-wide path condition. In practice, these conditions may not hold uniformly across a feeder: controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) sit at some buses and fixed loads at others, while reverse flows from DER-rich regions can violate the path condition. This paper certifies exactness region by region and composes the regional certificates, accounting for perturbations that propagate downstream through voltages. We first introduce a subtree voltage stability region, in which the network and all compatible subtrees remain regular. Within it, two endpoint sign conditions, one relaxing the nonnegative-flow assumption and one implied by the classical path condition, yield monotone responses of voltages, currents, and losses to root voltages. Using duality, the implicit function theorem, and sign properties of inverse sensitivity matrices, we recast both classical arguments as individual sign certificates on branch multipliers. This turns exactness into a branchwise property that can be certified region by region. A partition rule then splits the network into dispatchable and passive subtrees, and a hybrid certificate combines their local conditions into exactness of the full-network relaxation, under additional operating-limit and objective conditions. In particular, placing controllable DERs at both ends of a branch with large reverse flow exempts that branch from the passive sign conditions.
ER -