Advanced perspectives on nanoparticle engineering: Green innovations, and characterization techniques
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- 2Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- 3School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- 4Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowman-Oddy Laboratories, Room BO 2022, Mail Stop 602, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- 5Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
- 6Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
Abstract
The physicochemical and functional characteristics of nanoparticles have size-dependent variations that can neither be attained nor demonstrated in bulk systems. Though there have been many reviews that reported independently on progress made either on synthesis or characterization of nanoparticles during the past few years, there is still room for development when synthesis routes are correlated systematically with identifiable physicochemical properties and functional characteristics. In this review, we offer an integrated review on the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles with well-clarified synthesis routes correlated with structural and practical properties. The conventional synthesis routes, such as mechanical milling, lithography, laser ablation, and arc discharge processes, are dealt with from the point of size, morphological changes, crystallographic development, surface modifications, and porosity. The bottom-up synthesis routes include sol–gel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and hydro- and solvothermal synthesis. The comparison of conventional synthesis routes with green synthesis is further given. The complementary characterization for established synthesis traits includes many advanced characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction studies, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy studies, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement technique, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The comparison between conventional synthesis routes and green synthesis routes is further employed.
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BibTeX
@article{baba2026advanced,
title = {{Advanced perspectives on nanoparticle engineering: Green innovations, and characterization techniques}},
author = {Isaac Alhamdu Baba and Saheed Mustapha and Oluwatobi Victoria Obayomi and Omoniyi Babajide Awe and Lukman Shehu Mustapha and Kehinde Shola Obayomi},
journal = {Next Nanotechnology},
year = {2026},
month = may,
doi = {10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100499},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100499},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Advanced perspectives on nanoparticle engineering: Green innovations, and characterization techniques
AU - Isaac Alhamdu Baba
AU - Saheed Mustapha
AU - Oluwatobi Victoria Obayomi
AU - Omoniyi Babajide Awe
AU - Lukman Shehu Mustapha
AU - Kehinde Shola Obayomi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/16
JO - Next Nanotechnology
DO - 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100499
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100499
AB - The physicochemical and functional characteristics of nanoparticles have size-dependent variations that can neither be attained nor demonstrated in bulk systems. Though there have been many reviews that reported independently on progress made either on synthesis or characterization of nanoparticles during the past few years, there is still room for development when synthesis routes are correlated systematically with identifiable physicochemical properties and functional characteristics. In this review, we offer an integrated review on the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles with well-clarified synthesis routes correlated with structural and practical properties. The conventional synthesis routes, such as mechanical milling, lithography, laser ablation, and arc discharge processes, are dealt with from the point of size, morphological changes, crystallographic development, surface modifications, and porosity. The bottom-up synthesis routes include sol–gel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and hydro- and solvothermal synthesis. The comparison of conventional synthesis routes with green synthesis is further given. The complementary characterization for established synthesis traits includes many advanced characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction studies, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy studies, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement technique, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The comparison between conventional synthesis routes and green synthesis routes is further employed.
SN - 2949-8295
ER -