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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDOpen Geosciences

GIS-based wildfire risk assessment: case study of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Ivanišević Marko1
  • Lukić Tin2
  • Milovanović Boško3
  • Trbić Goran4
  • Marković Slobodan B.2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Spatial Planning, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H
  2. 2Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
  3. 3Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 9 Djure Jakšića St., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
  4. 4Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H
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Abstract

Wildfires are a major natural hazard with serious impacts on ecosystems, human safety, and economic activities in the City of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). This study uses multi-criteria GIS analysis to map wildfire risk across 1,239 km2, integrating eight variables: land cover, elevation, slope, aspect, temperature, precipitation, and distance from roads and settlements. Weighting coefficients were derived using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and validated through consultation with local fire protection experts. The resulting risk map shows that moderate-risk (61.61 %) and high-risk zones (32.79 %) dominate, with the most extensive high-risk areas in the western, central, and northern parts of the city. Analysis of 182 MODIS-detected fires (2017–2021) indicates that anthropogenic factors, especially proximity to roads and settlements, are key drivers of ignition, with 60 % of fires on agricultural land and most within 400 m of roads. A network of 21 fire watchtowers was designed based on risk zoning and viewshed analysis, providing monitoring coverage of 957.67 km2. A composite priority scoring system further identified 9 priority tower locations that maximize monitoring effectiveness while minimizing infrastructure investment, offering practical guidance for local wildfire prevention and preparedness.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{marko2026gisbased,
  title = {{GIS-based wildfire risk assessment: case study of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina}},
  author = {Ivanišević Marko and Lukić Tin and Milovanović Boško and Trbić Goran and Marković Slobodan B.},
  journal = {Open Geosciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1515/geo-2025-1037},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2025-1037},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - GIS-based wildfire risk assessment: case study of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
AU  - Ivanišević Marko
AU  - Lukić Tin
AU  - Milovanović Boško
AU  - Trbić Goran
AU  - Marković Slobodan B.
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Open Geosciences
DO  - 10.1515/geo-2025-1037
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2025-1037
AB  - Wildfires are a major natural hazard with serious impacts on ecosystems, human safety, and economic activities in the City of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). This study uses multi-criteria GIS analysis to map wildfire risk across 1,239 km2, integrating eight variables: land cover, elevation, slope, aspect, temperature, precipitation, and distance from roads and settlements. Weighting coefficients were derived using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and validated through consultation with local fire protection experts. The resulting risk map shows that moderate-risk (61.61 %) and high-risk zones (32.79 %) dominate, with the most extensive high-risk areas in the western, central, and northern parts of the city. Analysis of 182 MODIS-detected fires (2017–2021) indicates that anthropogenic factors, especially proximity to roads and settlements, are key drivers of ignition, with 60 % of fires on agricultural land and most within 400 m of roads. A network of 21 fire watchtowers was designed based on risk zoning and viewshed analysis, providing monitoring coverage of 957.67 km2. A composite priority scoring system further identified 9 priority tower locations that maximize monitoring effectiveness while minimizing infrastructure investment, offering practical guidance for local wildfire prevention and preparedness.
SN  - 2391-5447
ER  -