Assessing the Potential of Gabiroba Fruit Waste as an Oil Source via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Physicochemical Parameters, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
- 2Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, School of Food Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78605-091, MT, Brazil
- 3Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Health Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Campus III, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
- 4Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil
- 5Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
- 6Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Florestas), Colombo 83411-000, PR, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the chemical composition and biological activities of gabiroba waste oil (GWO), compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE). GWO was characterized for carotenoid content and analyzed by GC-MS for fatty acids (FAs) and sesquiterpenes. Total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP), antimicrobial, and antiglycemic activities were evaluated. Both methods yielded similar carotenoid content (954–1110 μg β-carotene/g). UAE enhanced phytochemical extraction, with 33% higher TPC (281 mg GAE/100 g), 50% more TFC (193 mg QE/100 g), and superior antioxidant activity (ABTS-12 μmol TE/g for hydrophilic extract, 109 μmol TE/g for lipophilic extract). UAE produces a high-quality oil with higher yield (36.6%) and lower acidity index (12.5%) compared to SE. Oleic acid was the predominant FA, followed by palmitic and linoleic acids, with β-cadinene as the major terpene. UAE oil exhibited a 21% increase in unsaturated FA and a 36% reduction in saturated FA compared to SE. UAE oil had greater antimicrobial activity for S. aureus (MIC-3.9 mg/mL) and higher α-amylase (IC50—316 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50—45 μg/mL) inhibitory potential. UAE proved to be an efficient, sustainable method to obtain phytochemical-rich oil from food residues, valorizing gabiroba waste for pharmaceutical and functional food applications.
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BibTeX
@article{pinho2026assessing,
title = {{Assessing the Potential of Gabiroba Fruit Waste as an Oil Source via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Physicochemical Parameters, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties}},
author = {Carolina Lilibeth Carvalho de Pinho and Renata Lázara de Araújo and Suelen Ávila and Giselle Maria Maciel and Isadora da Silva Zanzarini and Vivian Rotuno Moure and Glaucio Valdameri and Fabiane Oliveira Farias and Cristiane Vieira Helm and Marcos Rogério Mafra and Luciana Igarashi-Mafra},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31203705},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3705},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Assessing the Potential of Gabiroba Fruit Waste as an Oil Source via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Physicochemical Parameters, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties
AU - Carolina Lilibeth Carvalho de Pinho
AU - Renata Lázara de Araújo
AU - Suelen Ávila
AU - Giselle Maria Maciel
AU - Isadora da Silva Zanzarini
AU - Vivian Rotuno Moure
AU - Glaucio Valdameri
AU - Fabiane Oliveira Farias
AU - Cristiane Vieira Helm
AU - Marcos Rogério Mafra
AU - Luciana Igarashi-Mafra
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31203705
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3705
AB - This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the chemical composition and biological activities of gabiroba waste oil (GWO), compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE). GWO was characterized for carotenoid content and analyzed by GC-MS for fatty acids (FAs) and sesquiterpenes. Total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP), antimicrobial, and antiglycemic activities were evaluated. Both methods yielded similar carotenoid content (954–1110 μg β-carotene/g). UAE enhanced phytochemical extraction, with 33% higher TPC (281 mg GAE/100 g), 50% more TFC (193 mg QE/100 g), and superior antioxidant activity (ABTS-12 μmol TE/g for hydrophilic extract, 109 μmol TE/g for lipophilic extract). UAE produces a high-quality oil with higher yield (36.6%) and lower acidity index (12.5%) compared to SE. Oleic acid was the predominant FA, followed by palmitic and linoleic acids, with β-cadinene as the major terpene. UAE oil exhibited a 21% increase in unsaturated FA and a 36% reduction in saturated FA compared to SE. UAE oil had greater antimicrobial activity for S. aureus (MIC-3.9 mg/mL) and higher α-amylase (IC50—316 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50—45 μg/mL) inhibitory potential. UAE proved to be an efficient, sustainable method to obtain phytochemical-rich oil from food residues, valorizing gabiroba waste for pharmaceutical and functional food applications.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -