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Peer-reviewedCC BYRSC advances

Single-chain fluorinated Ir-NHC catalysts for efficient SABRE pyruvate hyperpolarization with average residual iridium below 100 ppb

  • Federico Floreani1
  • Ahmed Faramawy1
  • Federico De Biasi1
  • Denis Badocco1
  • Salvatore Mamone2
  • Callum A. Gater3
  • Simon B. Duckett3
  • Cristina Tubaro1
  • Gabriele Stevanato1
  1. 1Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
  2. 2Department MESVA (Life, Health & Environmental Sciences), Università dell'Aquila Via Vetoio SNC, Località Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
  3. 3Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
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Abstract

Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) delivers rapid and inexpensive NMR signal enhancement using parahydrogen-derived spin order, but biomedical translation requires catalysts that simultaneously deliver high polarization efficiency together with minimal residual metal contamination. Here we introduce a class of single-chain fluorinated Ir-NHC catalysts for SABRE hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate that addresses this longstanding trade-off. Retention of carbene backbone unsaturation preserves SABRE efficiency, enabling ∼4% 13C polarization with 50% parahydrogen, comparable to the benchmark Ir-IMes catalyst and approximately threefold higher than the previously reported perfluorinated Ir-SIMesF2 system under identical conditions. Combined with redissolution SABRE, aqueous extraction, and fluorinated silica filtration, one of these catalysts, Ir-IMesF1, yields aqueous hyperpolarized solutions containing <100 ppb residual iridium. The resulting aqueous formulations, while not yet suitable for direct biomedical administration, deliver efficient SABRE hyperpolarization and ultra-low residual iridium contamination, enabling real-time monitoring of in vitro pyruvate-to-lactate conversion under partial parahydrogen enrichment.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{floreani2026singlechain,
  title = {{Single-chain fluorinated Ir-NHC catalysts for efficient SABRE pyruvate hyperpolarization with average residual iridium below 100 ppb}},
  author = {Federico Floreani and Ahmed Faramawy and Federico De Biasi and Denis Badocco and Salvatore Mamone and Callum A. Gater and Simon B. Duckett and Cristina Tubaro and Gabriele Stevanato},
  journal = {RSC advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1039/d6ra07354a},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13657090},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Single-chain fluorinated Ir-NHC catalysts for efficient SABRE pyruvate hyperpolarization with average residual iridium below 100 ppb
AU  - Federico Floreani
AU  - Ahmed Faramawy
AU  - Federico De Biasi
AU  - Denis Badocco
AU  - Salvatore Mamone
AU  - Callum A. Gater
AU  - Simon B. Duckett
AU  - Cristina Tubaro
AU  - Gabriele Stevanato
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/12
JO  - RSC advances
DO  - 10.1039/d6ra07354a
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13657090
AB  - Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) delivers rapid and inexpensive NMR signal enhancement using parahydrogen-derived spin order, but biomedical translation requires catalysts that simultaneously deliver high polarization efficiency together with minimal residual metal contamination. Here we introduce a class of single-chain fluorinated Ir-NHC catalysts for SABRE hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate that addresses this longstanding trade-off. Retention of carbene backbone unsaturation preserves SABRE efficiency, enabling ∼4% 13C polarization with 50% parahydrogen, comparable to the benchmark Ir-IMes catalyst and approximately threefold higher than the previously reported perfluorinated Ir-SIMesF2 system under identical conditions. Combined with redissolution SABRE, aqueous extraction, and fluorinated silica filtration, one of these catalysts, Ir-IMesF1, yields aqueous hyperpolarized solutions containing <100 ppb residual iridium. The resulting aqueous formulations, while not yet suitable for direct biomedical administration, deliver efficient SABRE hyperpolarization and ultra-low residual iridium contamination, enabling real-time monitoring of in vitro pyruvate-to-lactate conversion under partial parahydrogen enrichment.
SN  - 2046-2069
ER  -