Bell-inequality violation in light transmitted through disordered emitter ensembles
Abstract
We show that light transmitted through a disordered ensemble of weakly coupled two-level emitters can violate a Bell inequality in a continuous-wave Franson-type measurement. The Bell signal is determined by two steady-state output-field correlations, the equal-time intensity correlation g(2)(0) and the phase-sensitive two-photon coherence R. We compute these quantities for bidirectional propagation through disordered emitter ensembles using a fourth-order cumulant expansion of the many-body master equation. The resulting Bell inequality violation appears in two distinct regimes, an antibunched regime where equal-time coincidences are suppressed and a bunched regime where photon pairs remain phase coherent. Extrapolating the numerics to a representative weak single-emitter coupling β=0.01 predicts violation in the antibunched regime for atom numbers N≃75-$220$, and in the bunched regime for N≳250.
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BibTeX
@misc{guan2026bellinequality,
title = {{Bell-inequality violation in light transmitted through disordered emitter ensembles}},
author = {Ruolin Guan and Vineesha Srivastava and Kasper J. Kusmierek and Ivan Vybornyi and Klemens Hammerer},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.15575},
eprint = {2609.15575},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15575},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Bell-inequality violation in light transmitted through disordered emitter ensembles
AU - Ruolin Guan
AU - Vineesha Srivastava
AU - Kasper J. Kusmierek
AU - Ivan Vybornyi
AU - Klemens Hammerer
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/24
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.15575
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15575
AB - We show that light transmitted through a disordered ensemble of weakly coupled two-level emitters can violate a Bell inequality in a continuous-wave Franson-type measurement. The Bell signal is determined by two steady-state output-field correlations, the equal-time intensity correlation g^(2)(0) and the phase-sensitive two-photon coherence R. We compute these quantities for bidirectional propagation through disordered emitter ensembles using a fourth-order cumulant expansion of the many-body master equation. The resulting Bell inequality violation appears in two distinct regimes, an antibunched regime where equal-time coincidences are suppressed and a bunched regime where photon pairs remain phase coherent. Extrapolating the numerics to a representative weak single-emitter coupling β=0.01 predicts violation in the antibunched regime for atom numbers N≃75-$220$, and in the bunched regime for N≳250.
ER -