Dietary Restriction Status for Hen’s Egg, Cow’s Milk, and Wheat in Relation to Plasma Amino Acid Profiles, Growth, and Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Children with Food Allergy
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
- 2Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- 3Department of Physiological Function of Aging, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Food avoidance may compromise nutrient intake and growth in children with food allergy; however, its association with plasma amino acid profiles remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine dietary restriction status for hen’s egg, cow’s milk, and wheat in relation to plasma amino acids, growth, and insulin-like growth factor I. Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 80 children aged < 10 years. Dietary restriction status, defined based on the amount of each food medically permitted for routine daily consumption, was dichotomized as complete avoidance/minimal intake or partial/unrestricted intake. Plasma amino acids were available for 79 participants. Multivariable models included all three foods, with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Results: No broad reduction in plasma amino acid concentrations was evident across dietary restriction categories, although several food-specific associations were observed. Less restrictive cow’s milk status was nominally associated with higher height standard deviation score (SDS) and lower aspartic acid concentration. Less restrictive wheat status was associated with lower weight SDS after multiple-testing correction (q = 0.046), although the complete avoidance/minimal intake group comprised only three participants. Among children with a cow’s milk allergy, threonine concentration was 34.2% lower in the partial/unrestricted group than in the complete avoidance/minimal intake group (q = 0.002). The minimum essential amino acid z-score was inversely associated with weight SDS and body mass index SDS (q = 0.023 for both). No association with the overall 20-amino-acid profile remained significant after multiple-testing correction. Conclusions: Dietary restriction status was not accompanied by a broad or uniform reduction in circulating amino acids. Instead, the observed pattern suggested selective rather than generalized differences, warranting confirmation in longitudinal studies with quantitative dietary assessments.
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BibTeX
@article{masukane2026dietary,
title = {{Dietary Restriction Status for Hen’s Egg, Cow’s Milk, and Wheat in Relation to Plasma Amino Acid Profiles, Growth, and Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Children with Food Allergy}},
author = {Seiya Masukane and Suguru Fujita and Ayano Ueda and Fumihiko Hakuno and Koichi Ito and Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama and Takeshi Taketani},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/nu18213712},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3712},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dietary Restriction Status for Hen’s Egg, Cow’s Milk, and Wheat in Relation to Plasma Amino Acid Profiles, Growth, and Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Children with Food Allergy
AU - Seiya Masukane
AU - Suguru Fujita
AU - Ayano Ueda
AU - Fumihiko Hakuno
AU - Koichi Ito
AU - Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama
AU - Takeshi Taketani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/09
JO - Nutrients
DO - 10.3390/nu18213712
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3712
AB - Background/Objectives: Food avoidance may compromise nutrient intake and growth in children with food allergy; however, its association with plasma amino acid profiles remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine dietary restriction status for hen’s egg, cow’s milk, and wheat in relation to plasma amino acids, growth, and insulin-like growth factor I. Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 80 children aged < 10 years. Dietary restriction status, defined based on the amount of each food medically permitted for routine daily consumption, was dichotomized as complete avoidance/minimal intake or partial/unrestricted intake. Plasma amino acids were available for 79 participants. Multivariable models included all three foods, with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Results: No broad reduction in plasma amino acid concentrations was evident across dietary restriction categories, although several food-specific associations were observed. Less restrictive cow’s milk status was nominally associated with higher height standard deviation score (SDS) and lower aspartic acid concentration. Less restrictive wheat status was associated with lower weight SDS after multiple-testing correction (q = 0.046), although the complete avoidance/minimal intake group comprised only three participants. Among children with a cow’s milk allergy, threonine concentration was 34.2% lower in the partial/unrestricted group than in the complete avoidance/minimal intake group (q = 0.002). The minimum essential amino acid z-score was inversely associated with weight SDS and body mass index SDS (q = 0.023 for both). No association with the overall 20-amino-acid profile remained significant after multiple-testing correction. Conclusions: Dietary restriction status was not accompanied by a broad or uniform reduction in circulating amino acids. Instead, the observed pattern suggested selective rather than generalized differences, warranting confirmation in longitudinal studies with quantitative dietary assessments.
SN - 2072-6643
ER -