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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Upregulated SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p in Basal Cell Carcinoma: Possible Implications for TGF-β/SMAD Signalling

  • Şükrü Kasap1
  • Serkan Yaşar Çelik2
  • Çilem Özdemir3
  • Muhammed Said Aydın1
  • Tuba Edgünlü4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
  2. 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
  3. 3Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
  4. 4Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
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Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1), a protein involved in regulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling pathway, and miR-520d-5p may play a role in the development and progression of BCC. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p, known to affect cancer pathogenesis, in the pathogenesis of BCC. We included 30 BCC tissues and 30 noncancerous skin tissues in the study. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR. We performed in silico analyses to identify possible genes and signalling pathways associated with BCC. SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p showed significantly increased expression in BCC tissues compared to controls (p = 0.029 and p = 0.011, respectively). According to in silico analyses, SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p are predicted to be involved in the TGF-β signalling pathway. miR-520d-5p is predicted to regulate multiple target genes in the TGF-β signalling pathway, which requires experimental validation. Our findings indicate that SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p are upregulated in BCC and may be associated with BCC pathogenesis. Both molecules are upregulated in BCC tissues and are implicated in the regulation of the TGF-β signalling pathway. According to in silico analysis, SMURF1, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, SMAD7, SMURF2, RUNX2, MAPK1, and TGFB3 are key genes involved in the TGF-β signalling pathway, which may be relevant to BCC pathogenesis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kasap2026upregulated,
  title = {{Upregulated SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p in Basal Cell Carcinoma: Possible Implications for TGF-β/SMAD Signalling}},
  author = {Şükrü Kasap and Serkan Yaşar Çelik and Çilem Özdemir and Muhammed Said Aydın and Tuba Edgünlü},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27219900},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9900},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Upregulated SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p in Basal Cell Carcinoma: Possible Implications for TGF-β/SMAD Signalling
AU  - Şükrü Kasap
AU  - Serkan Yaşar Çelik
AU  - Çilem Özdemir
AU  - Muhammed Said Aydın
AU  - Tuba Edgünlü
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27219900
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9900
AB  - Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1), a protein involved in regulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling pathway, and miR-520d-5p may play a role in the development and progression of BCC. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p, known to affect cancer pathogenesis, in the pathogenesis of BCC. We included 30 BCC tissues and 30 noncancerous skin tissues in the study. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR. We performed in silico analyses to identify possible genes and signalling pathways associated with BCC. SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p showed significantly increased expression in BCC tissues compared to controls (p = 0.029 and p = 0.011, respectively). According to in silico analyses, SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p are predicted to be involved in the TGF-β signalling pathway. miR-520d-5p is predicted to regulate multiple target genes in the TGF-β signalling pathway, which requires experimental validation. Our findings indicate that SMURF1 and miR-520d-5p are upregulated in BCC and may be associated with BCC pathogenesis. Both molecules are upregulated in BCC tissues and are implicated in the regulation of the TGF-β signalling pathway. According to in silico analysis, SMURF1, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBR1, SMAD7, SMURF2, RUNX2, MAPK1, and TGFB3 are key genes involved in the TGF-β signalling pathway, which may be relevant to BCC pathogenesis.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -