Metal Glycerolate‐Based Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of LiNi 1− x − y Co x Mn y O ₂ Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
5 affiliations
- 1Center for Studies in Energy and Oil University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- 2Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies (MackGraphe) Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute São Paulo Brazil
- 3Advanced Energy Storage Division Center for Innovation on New Energies School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- 4Department of Fundamental Chemistry Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- 5Mackenzie School of Engineering Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo Brazil
Abstract
Lithium‐ion batteries are currently the dominant energy storage systems, with cathode materials playing a significant role in electrochemical performance, safety, and cost. Among these materials, layered LiNi 1− x − y Co x Mn y O ₂ (NCM)‐based cathodes stand out due to their competitive cost, compositional versatility, high capacity and energy density. Controlling the Ni/Co/Mn ratio is a key strategy for optimizing the balance between capacity, structural stability, and electrochemical performance. In this work, metal glycerolates synthesized via a solvothermal route were employed as hybrid organic–inorganic precursors to prepare NCM materials. The compositional variation, spanning from low‐ to high‐Ni content, enabled a direct correlation between Ni content, structural disorder, and electrochemical performance. Increasing the Ni content promoted Li ⁺ /Ni ²⁺ cation mixing and structural disorder, resulting in reduced discharge capacity of Ni‐rich NCM cathodes. In contrast, low‐Ni NCM compositions exhibited improved structural ordering and electrochemical behavior, with Mg ²⁺ doping effectively improving the stabilization of the LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O ₂ (NCM 333) structure and enhancing its rate capability and cycling stability. These findings provide important insights into the relationship between composition, structural ordering, and electrochemical behavior, while highlighting both the potential and current limitations of metal glycerolate‐based synthesis for NCM cathodes. Thus, metal glycerolates offer a basis for the rational design of cost‐effective and more sustainable energy storage materials.
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BibTeX
@article{silva2026metal,
title = {{Metal Glycerolate‐Based Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of LiNi 1− x − y Co x Mn y O ₂ Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries}},
author = {Gustavo Thalmer M. Silva and Syra Mubarac and Irlan S. Lima and Bruno Freitas and João Pedro A. dos Santos and Josué M. Gonçalves and Hudson Zanin},
journal = {ChemistryOpen},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/open.70327},
url = {https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/open.70327},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Metal Glycerolate‐Based Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of LiNi 1− x − y Co x Mn y O ₂ Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
AU - Gustavo Thalmer M. Silva
AU - Syra Mubarac
AU - Irlan S. Lima
AU - Bruno Freitas
AU - João Pedro A. dos Santos
AU - Josué M. Gonçalves
AU - Hudson Zanin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
JO - ChemistryOpen
DO - 10.1002/open.70327
UR - https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/open.70327
AB - Lithium‐ion batteries are currently the dominant energy storage systems, with cathode materials playing a significant role in electrochemical performance, safety, and cost. Among these materials, layered LiNi 1− x − y Co x Mn y O ₂ (NCM)‐based cathodes stand out due to their competitive cost, compositional versatility, high capacity and energy density. Controlling the Ni/Co/Mn ratio is a key strategy for optimizing the balance between capacity, structural stability, and electrochemical performance. In this work, metal glycerolates synthesized via a solvothermal route were employed as hybrid organic–inorganic precursors to prepare NCM materials. The compositional variation, spanning from low‐ to high‐Ni content, enabled a direct correlation between Ni content, structural disorder, and electrochemical performance. Increasing the Ni content promoted Li ⁺ /Ni ²⁺ cation mixing and structural disorder, resulting in reduced discharge capacity of Ni‐rich NCM cathodes. In contrast, low‐Ni NCM compositions exhibited improved structural ordering and electrochemical behavior, with Mg ²⁺ doping effectively improving the stabilization of the LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O ₂ (NCM 333) structure and enhancing its rate capability and cycling stability. These findings provide important insights into the relationship between composition, structural ordering, and electrochemical behavior, while highlighting both the potential and current limitations of metal glycerolate‐based synthesis for NCM cathodes. Thus, metal glycerolates offer a basis for the rational design of cost‐effective and more sustainable energy storage materials.
SN - 2191-1363
SN - 2191-1363
ER -