Pattern Graph Models for Non-monotone Missing Data with an Application to Myocardial Infarction Complications
Abstract
Non-monotone missingness is frequently encountered in practice, with intermittent dropout and re-entry in longitudinal studies as a canonical example. Under non-monotone missingness, the missing at random (MAR) assumption often lacks a clear causal interpretation and imposes implicit constraints on the joint distribution that may be difficult to justify. Within the pattern graph framework, we propose a fully parametric estimation procedure that combines pattern-graph-identified response probabilities with a parametric outcome model through an EM algorithm with fractional imputation. Under correct model specification and explicit regularity conditions, we establish consistency and asymptotic normality when the fractional imputation is exact or sufficiently accurate, and, under additional moment conditions, justify parametric bootstrap variance estimation. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed approach is competitive across a range of settings and provides substantial efficiency gains for joint probability estimation when fully observed cases are scarce. The methods are illustrated through an analysis of mortality risk factors in data on myocardial infarction complications.
Related
- Counterexamples to the Monotone Completeness Conjecture
- Single-call Polyak-Type Extragradient Methods for Monotone Root-Finding Problems
- The Follow-the-Leader scheme with non-monotone velocity
- A logarithmically monotone symmetric norm which is not fully symmetric
- The entropy production is not always monotone for hard spheres or for Maxwell molecules
BibTeX
@misc{cho2026pattern,
title = {{Pattern Graph Models for Non-monotone Missing Data with an Application to Myocardial Infarction Complications}},
author = {Yanghyeon Cho and Jae Kwang Kim and Emily Berg},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.22757},
eprint = {2610.22757},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22757},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pattern Graph Models for Non-monotone Missing Data with an Application to Myocardial Infarction Complications
AU - Yanghyeon Cho
AU - Jae Kwang Kim
AU - Emily Berg
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.22757
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22757
AB - Non-monotone missingness is frequently encountered in practice, with intermittent dropout and re-entry in longitudinal studies as a canonical example. Under non-monotone missingness, the missing at random (MAR) assumption often lacks a clear causal interpretation and imposes implicit constraints on the joint distribution that may be difficult to justify. Within the pattern graph framework, we propose a fully parametric estimation procedure that combines pattern-graph-identified response probabilities with a parametric outcome model through an EM algorithm with fractional imputation. Under correct model specification and explicit regularity conditions, we establish consistency and asymptotic normality when the fractional imputation is exact or sufficiently accurate, and, under additional moment conditions, justify parametric bootstrap variance estimation. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed approach is competitive across a range of settings and provides substantial efficiency gains for joint probability estimation when fully observed cases are scarce. The methods are illustrated through an analysis of mortality risk factors in data on myocardial infarction complications.
ER -